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Show [G. P.] E44} szz‘z‘z'om ta fie Examined. 45: turned, as were equal 2'12 value to the manufactures produced. This appears from hence, that Pq/z‘z‘z'om to £2 Examined *. 1. ALL food or fubfif'tence for mankind. arife from the earth or waters. 2. NecefTaries of life that are not foods, and all other conveniencies, have their values elli- mated by the proportion of food confumed while we are employed in procuring them. 3. A fmall people with a large territory may. ,V i fubfifl: on the productions of nature, With no- other labour than that of gathering the vegetables and catching the animals. _ 4. A large people with a fmall territory finds thefe infuflicient, and to fubfiil, mui'r labour the earth, to make it produce greater quantities of vegetable food, fuitable for the nourifhment of men, and of the animals they intend to eat. 5. From this labour arifes a great incrrzgfe of vegetable and animal food, and of materials for clothing, as flax, wool, filk, &c. ' The fuper- fluity of thefe is wealth. With thlS wealth we the manufacturer does not, in faé‘t, obtain from the employer, for his labour, more than a mere fubfiflence, including raiment, fuel and fhelter; all which derive their value from the provifions confumed in procuring them. 7. The produce of the earth, thus converted into manufactures, may be more eafily carried to diflant markets than before fuch converfion. 8. Fair commerce is, where equal values are ,exchanged for equal, the expence of tranfport included. Thus, if it cof'ts A in England as much labour and charge to raife a bufhel of Wheat, as it coils Bin France to produce four gallons of wine, then are four gallons of Wine the fair exchange for a bufhel of wheat, A and B meeting at half dil'tance with their commodities to make the exchange. The advantage of this fair commerce is, that each party increafes the number of his enjoyments, having, inf'tead of wheat alone, or wine alone, the ufe of both wheat and wine. 9. Where the labour and expence ofproducing pay for the labour employed 1n budding our both commodities are known to both parties, bargains will generally be fair and equal. Where houfes, cities, &C. which are therefore fubfif'rence thus metamorphofed. only ‘ they are known to one party only, bargains will often be unequal, knowledge taking its advantage 6. Mmzzfaflurer are only anoibcr flaape Into of ignorance. 10. Thus he that carries IOOO bufhels of wheat abroad to fell, may not probably obtain f0 great a profit thereon, as if he had firit turned which {0 much provifions and fubfiftence are * [This article has been inferted in 7715 Reba/irate} for fir/:6? paper: cm Agritu/Iurr, Am, and Mwmfaflurer. Vol. I. page the wheat into manufiuftures, by fubliiting there- 3 50. E] turned, Wide |