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Show Tuberculosis (ICD-9=010-018, ICD-10=A15-A19) Compiled by Lars Peterson 2000 Utah TB Cases: 49 Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis disease was once the leading cause of death in the United States.1 As a result of effective antibiotic therapy, it slowly began to disappear in the US. In the 1980's, however, the number of TB cases began to increase. Through increased funding of TB control and prevention programs the incidence has come down, but TB is still a problem; more than 16,000 cases were reported in 2000 in the United States.1 Utah's tuberculosis rate more than doubled from a low of 1.7 cases per 100,000 in 1987 to 4.3 in 1992. Since then Utah's rate has gradually decreased every year, along with that of the nation. Tuberculosis has many special risk factors that make it an excellent bellweather for the state of a public health system. Poverty, overcrowding, and malnutrition may all contribute to the spread of TB. Therefore many already vulnerable populations, such as the homeless, the elderly, recent immigrants, residents of long-term care facilities, and AIDS patients are at even higher risk of getting tuberculosis. TB will continue to be a threat to public health with continued numbers of new immigrants coming to Utah and the U.S. since the case rate among foreign-born persons is seven times that of natives.2 Treatment of TB typically involves taking medication for six months or longer; diligence in completing treatment can prevent the spread of multi-drug resistant TB. Table 24. Incidence of Tuberculosis8, Utah and U.S. 1981-1999. Incidence (per 100,000) Year Utah U.S. Utah:U.S. 1981 4.2 11.9 0.35 1982 3.3 11.0 0.30 1983 2.9 10.2 0.28 1984 2.5 9.4 0.27 1985 1.9 9.3 0.20 1986 2.6 9.4 0.28 1987 1.7 9.3 0.18 1988 2.1 9.1 0.23 1989 3.3 9.5 0.35 1990 3.0 10.3 0.29 1991 2.6 10.4 0.25 1992 4.3 10.5 0.41 1993 2.5 9.8 0.25 1994 2.9 9.4 0.31 1995 2.5 8.7 0.29 1996 2.9 8.0 0.36 1997 1.8 7.4 0.24 1998 2.5 6.8 0.37 1999 1.9 6.4 0.30 aAge-adjusted to 1940 standard population. CD 14 i 12 10 Utah U.S. 1981 1986 Year 1991 1996 Figure 15. Incidence of Tuberculosis, Utah and U.S., 1981-1999. Sources: Utah 1981-2000: Utah Department of Health, Bureau of Epidemiology. Annual Communicable Disease Reports. [Online] http://www.health.state.ut.us/ els/epidemiology/anrpt/. Retrieved 3/21/02. U.S. 1981-1999: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Summary of Notifiable Diseases. United States. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. [Online] http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/summary.html/. Retrieved 3/21/02. 1. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention. [Online] http://www.cdc.gov/nchstp/tb/default.html. Retrieved 3/23/02. 2. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Feb. 8, 2002). Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 51(05): 101-104. Utah's Health: An Annual Review Volume VIII 69 |