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Show 149 Notes 1. See Appendix A, Vignettes and Tableaus, and Appendix E, Chronology. 2. The same caution must also be used when evaluating photographic reproductions of an event. Although photography can better translate details of an occurrence, the same limitations essentially apply. A photograph is also not the event itself, but an optical and artistic reconstruction. The truth of this fact will occur to historians and ethnologists who have examined the photographs of Edward S. Curtis, whose portraits of the North American Indians combine accurate detail and artistic license. 3. Wolfgang Kohler, Dynamics in Psychology (New York: Liveright Publishing Corp., 1940). In this series of lectures, Kohler proposed the technique of trespassing. He argued that ...border regions, in which one discipline is in contact with another, offer the best opportunities for substantial discoveries. . .Suppose, for instance, that certain principles actually apply to two fields, but that their relevance is more obvious in one than it is in the other. For those who work in the latter field it will often be highly advisable to look over the boundary into the former. What they see there may help them to realize essential traits of their own facts. More generally, the most fortunate moments in the history of knowledge occur when facts which have been as yet no more than special data are suddenly referred to other apparently distant facts, and thus appear in a new light, p. 116. Kohler maintains that the history of science has been a history of trespassing, one of its most successful techniques, and that "essential advances in science have first been made possible by the fact that the boundaries of special disciplines were not respected", p. 115. This technique is also supported by the art historian E. H. Gombrich, whose advocacy for interdisciplinary research led directly to the methodology developed for this paper. |