UTAH HISTORICAL QUATERLY VOL I - VI

American posts

64 THE UTAH HISTORICAL QUARTERLY In the big fight that went on all over the face of tu-weap, the earth, a few trees here and there escaped the touch of flying sparks. You may find them yet in the old forests. Some are standing and some are fallen and broken but they still are stone, petrified. They are the very trees that Tobats made and Shin-ob's fire never touched. GLOSSARY OF INDIAN WORDS Tobats-The greatest god of the Pahute Indians. Shinob-The second greatest god. He is Tobats' brother. Tu-ee-Deer. Cooch-Buffalo. Quan-ants-The eagle. Qui-ah-cant-The bear. Tobat-kahn-The home of Tobats. The word has almost the same meaning as the Jewish kahn. Tu-weap-The earth, or ground, also sand. Tim-i-ah-Timp is rock. Tim-i-ah is the plural. Kaib-a-Kaib is mountain. Kaib^a is the plural. Pah or Pa-Water. Mav-Trees. Nung-wa-Indian or Indians. Ning or Ningwa means the same. Un-nu-pit-The devil. He can use many agencies or even divide him­self into many beings. Wick-e-up-The Pahute name for their crude hut of brush or willow. Con-The Pahute word for fire. AMERICAN POSTS (Concluded) By EDGAR M. LEDYARD, President UTAH HISTORICAL LANDMARKS ASSOCIATION (Organized August 23, 1929) Utah Historical Landmarks Association Museum 518 CHAMBER OF COMMERCE BUILDING, SALT LAKE CITY Tombigbee, Fort. In Sumter County later called Fort Con­federation. In 1801 Governor William C. C. Clayborne made i treaty with the Choctaw Indians at this post. Alabama. Tombigbee, Fort. See Fort Gaines. Entrance to Mobile Bay; on Dauphine Island. Virginia. Tom Campbell's House. Right bank of the Milk River. Mon­tana. Tomlinson's Fort. On Grave Creek, Marshall County. West Virginia. AMERICAN POSTS 65 Tompkins, Fort. East of Okefinokee Swamp. Georgia. Tompkins, Fort. Temporary post during the Florida -War, between Trader's Hill and the St. Marys River, eight miles west of Colerain. Florida. Tompkins, Fort. At Plattsburg. New York. Tompkins, Fort. Old fort at Navy Point, Sackett's Harbor, Lake Ontario, now obliterated. New York. Tompkins, Fort. See Fort Porter, Buffalo. New York. Tompkins, Fort. Staten Island, at the "Narrows," on height above Fort Wadsworth. New York. Tongass, Fort. On Tongass Island at the mouth of the Port­land Canal and close to the southern boundary of Alaska. Fort Tongass was the first military post established by the United States in Alaska after that territory was purchased from the Rus­sian Government. Alaska. Tongue River Cantonment. Now Fort Keogh. Montana. Tonti, Fort. Built by D. Tonti in 1686 at the mouth of the Arkansas River. This was the first settlement in the present state of Arkansas; Arkansas Post now occupies the former site of Fort Tonti. Arkansas. Tonyn, Fort. On St. Marys River. Florida. Topsham, Fort. Near Brunswick. Maine. Tornay, Fort. Same as Fort M. J. Turnay. Montana. Totonnock, Fort. Kennebec River. Maine. Totten, Fort. One of the defenses of Washington, north of Potomac. District of Columbia. Totten, Fort. Two miles from Whitestone, Long Island. This post is situated on the south bank of the East River, thirteen and one-half miles from Governors Island. It is directly opposite Fort Schuyler which stands on the north bank of the same river. The first purchase of land there was made in July, 1857. The post was named in honor of Brigadier General Joseph T. Totten. A post was established here in 1862 and originally called Willet's Point. The reservation comprises 136 acres. For many years it was the headquarters of a Battalion of Engineers. It is now the station of the School of Submarine Defense and is also a torpedo depot. In 1914 seven companies of artillery were stationed here. New York. Totten, Fort. Founded in 1867, southeast shore of Devil's Lake. Benson County. North Dakota. Totten, Fort. Near Newbern. North Carolina. Toulouse Fort. East bank of Coosa River, four miles above its junction with the Tallapoosa. Alabama. Townsend, Fort. Subpost of Fort Crockett, on Boliver Point in the city of Galveston. Texas. Townsend, Fort. Erected in 1856. Jefferson County, near 66 THE UTAH HISTORICAL QUARTERLY Port Townsend. Washington. Towson, Fort. Choctaw County. Map shows Fort Towson on Bull Creek about four miles from Red River. Near left bank of Red River, five miles west of Arkansas, in latitude 33° 51'; longi­tude 95° 1'. Oklahoma. Tracy, Fort. See Fort Huger. Right bank of Blakely River, above its junction with Apalache, three-fourths of a mile from Fort Huger. Built by Confederates to Blakely. River. Alabama. Travis, Fort. At Bolivar Point, Galveston Bay. Galveston. Texas. Trenholm, Fort. Left bank of Stono River; Confederate de­fenses of Charleston during Civil War. South Carolina. Trail, Fort. On Smith's River. Virginia. Trinity, Fort. At Newcastle. Delaware. Trucker's Fort. Near Lehigh Gap. Pennsylvania. Trudeau's Home (1796-97). Later site of Pawnee House (1804). On left bank of Missouri River. South Dakota. Trumbull, Fort. At New London. Connecticut. Truson, Fort. Near Spanish Fort. Alabama. Tryon, Fort. In New York City, about three-fourths of a mile north of Fort Washington. New York. Tucson Post. Tucson. Arizona. Tularosa, Fort. In Soccorro County. New Mexico. Turan, Fort. In Angelina County. Texas. Turnay, M. J., Fort. Fort M. J. Turnay stood on French­man's river near the parallel of 49° north latitude in Philipps county. Visited by Elliott Coues in June, 1874. Montana. Turner's Fort. Clarke County. Alabama. Twiggs, Fort. On Ship Island. Mississippi. Two, Fort Number. Subsequently called Fort Vinton. Flor­ida. Tyler, Fort. On Chattanoockee River in southwest corner of Chambers County. Alabama. Tyler, Fort. In Hernando County. Florida. Tyler, Fort. At West Point. Georgia. Tyler, Fort. See Fort H. G. Wright. Long Island. New York. Ugak, Fort. Established on the Bay of Ugak by Shelikof in 1786. Alaska. Uganak, Fort. Established by Shelikof in 1786. Alaska. Ulrick, Fort. Near Annville. Pennsylvania. Umpqua, Fort. At Umpqua City, Oregon. Unalaklik, Fort. Mouth of Unalaklik River. Alaska. Union, Fort. Near base of Gallinas or Turkey Mountains. Watrous, Mora County. New Mexico. Union, Fort. Mouth of Yellowstone. North Dakota. Union, Fort. Mormon pioneer fort, about two miles east of AMERICAN POSTS 67 Midvale. Now settlement of same name. Utah. Union, Fort. Near Suffolk. Virginia. Union, Fort. At Lewisburg. West Virginia. Union, Fort. Near Dodgeville. Built during Black Hawk War on site of Dodge's Smelting Works. Wisconsin. Uplandt, Fort. Delaware. Upper, Fort. At Fulton. New York. "Upton's," Fort. According to Elliott Coues, "Old Fort Up­ton," shown on the official map and referred to by writers, was a misprint for Fort Union. Montana. Urtnston, Fort. At Petersburg. Virginia. Ust-Yama Post. Russian fur trading post built about 1700. Alaska. Valley, Fort. Now a city in Houston County; twenty-nine miles south of Macon. Georgia. Van Buren, Fort. 1835-42. Right bank of Yellowstone River. Montana. Vance's Fort. On Cross Creek, Washington County. Penn­sylvania. Van Courtland, Fort. Temporary post during the Florida War, near St. Johns River, in the forks of the roads at the head of Kingby's Pond. Florida. Vancouver, Fort. Hudson's Bay Company Post. Now Van­couver Barracks. This post is located eight miles north of Port­land, Oregon, on right bank of Columbia River. It occupies the site of the old Hudson's Bay Post. In 1846, when the United States obtained possession of the Northwest Territory, a new post was established. Many noted army officers have been sta­tioned here. The site of Fort Vancouver was reached by Lieu­tenant Broughton of the Vancouver Expedition in October, 1792; Lieutenant Broughton called this place "Point Vancouver." In 1824, Dr. John McLoughlin, accompanied by Governor George Simpson, arrived on the Columbia to take charge of the western department. They decided to abandon Fort George and establish headquarters at Point Vancouver. This was an ideal location for a trading center. The Willamette enters the Colum­bia a short distance below and has its source nearly 200 miles to the south, while the Cowlitz opened an avenue for trade to­ward Puget Sound. It was also close to the Columbia River it­self. On a fine prairie, three-fourths of a mile from the river, McLoughlin built the first Fort Vancouver and occupied it in March, 1825. Four years later, another establishment was built on the low ground near the river bank. The new post was sim­ply a stockade made of posts about twenty feet in length, en­closing a rectangular space thirty-seven rods long by eighteen rods in width, which contained all the principal buildings, in- THE UTAH HISTORICAL QUARTERLY eluding Dr. McLoughlin's residence. The servants of the com­pany, with their Indian families and friends lived just outside and in a course of time a considerable village grew up. Around this post clusters much of the romance as well as the more sober history of early Oregon. Near the old post may be seen an apple tree, planted in 1817 and still alive in 1922. Dr. McLoughlin was in charge of the establishment for twenty-two years, managing the company's business with very good success. He was noted for his firm control over the Indians, his kind­ness to American traders, missionaries, adventurers and colon­ists, and richly deserves the title-"Father of Oregon." To this post furs came from St. James, Langley, Camloops, Umpqua, Walla Walla, Colville, Spokane, Okonogan, and many other places. Hundreds of trappers followed different water courses through dangerous mountains and gloomy forests to Fort Vancouver. During the latter part of the administration .of Dr. McLough­lin, spies were sent out who made adverse reports to the London Board. They criticized Dr. McLoughlin for meeting immigrants with boat loads of supplies, nursing the sick in his hospital, and loaning seeds and farming implements to open farms on the Willamette. To these charges Dr. McLoughlin replied as follows: "Gentlemen, as a man of common humanity I could not do otherwise than give those naked and starving people something to eat and to wear out of our stores. I foresaw clearly that it aided in the American settlement of the country, but this I can­not help. It is not for me, but for God, to look after and take care of the consequences. The Bible tells me 'If thine enemy hunger, feed him; if he be naked, clothe him.' These settlers are not even enemies. If the directors find fault with me, they quar­rel with Heaven. I have simply done what anyone truly worthy the name of a man could not hesitate to do. I ask you not to bear these debts; let them be my own. Let me retain the profits upon these supplies and advances made to settlers, and I will cheerfully assume all payments to the company. All that I can do honorably for my company shall be done. Beyond that, I have no pledges. Shall I leave these Americans to starve, or drive them from the country? Gentlemen, if such be your orders, I can serve you no longer." Dr. McLoughlin is buried under the Catholic Church in Oregon City. His old home is preserved as a historical museum. Fort Vancouver is now one of our outstanding military posts. In 1908 Vancouver Barracks housed 78 officers and 1,263 enlisted men. Washington. Vanderburgh, Fort. Founded in 1822-23. Same as Fort Lisa. AMERICAN POSTS 69 Right bank of Missouri River. North Dakota. Van Metre's Fort On Short Creek, Brooke County. West Virginia. Van Rensselaer, Fort. At Canajoharie. New York. Van Rensselaer, Fort. At Ogdensburg. New York. Van Swearingem, Fort. Temporary post in Florida War, northeast of Lake Okeechobee and about eleven miles southeast of Fort Floyd. Florida. Vasquez, Fort. Established at mouth of Clear Creek by Louis Vasquez in 1832; a fur trading post. Ruins in existence in 1930. Colorado. Vass's Fort. Virginia. Vaux's Fort. On Roanoke Island. North Carolina. Velasco, Fort. Mouth of Brazos River. Texas. Venango, Fort. Fort Machault may be called the predecessor of Fort Venango, although it did not stand on the same identical site. Fort Venango was built in 1760. In 1763 a large body of Seneca Indians gained entrance to the fort under pretense of friendship, closed the gates and immediately butchered the en­tire garrison, with the exception of Lieutenant Gordon, who was forced to write, at their dictation, a statement of their grievances, after which he was tortured to death. The Seneca's then burned the post. Pennsylvania. Vengeance, Fort. See Fort Mott. Vermont. Verde, Camp. In the forks formed by the Val Verde and Turtle Creeks of the Guadalupe River, fifty-five miles northwest of San Antonio. Kerr County. Texas. Verde, Fort. Former site of Camp Verde, on Verde Creek, thirty miles from Prescott; originally called Camp Lincoln. Yavapai County. Arizona. Vermillion, Fort. Alberta. Canada. Vermillion Post. Founded in 1818. Left bank of Missouri River. South Dakota. Victoria, Fort. The Hudson's Bay Company built a fur trading post on the south end of Vancouver Island, which was named Fort Camosun. It occupied part of the present site of Victoria. In 1845 Fort Camosun was renamed Fort Albert. On October 26, 1845, Fort Albert was renamed Fort Victoria, in honor of the Queen of England. Fort Victoria grew in impor­tance rapidly and soon became the most important depot of the Hudson's Bay Company on the Pacific Coast. The town of Victoria was laid out in 1852. Canada. Vincennes, Fort. A French trading post was established on the site of Vincennes about 1702. Some twenty-nine years later a fortification was erected and named Fort Vincennes. On Feb­ruary 25, 1779, the fort was captured by George Rogers Clark. 70 THE UTAH HISTORICAL QUARTERLY Vincennes was the capitol of Indiana Territory from 1800-13. William Henry Harrison, first governor of the territory, lived in Vincennes; the city is also noted for its association with the classic, "Alice of Old Vincennes." See Fort Knox. Indiana. Vinton, Fort. Temporary post seventeen miles northwest from Fort Capron on Indiana River; established in Florida War. Florida. Virginia, Fort. Old fort on site of Sacket's Harbor. New York. Volunteer, Fort. At Sacket's Harbor. New York. Voskressenski, Fort. Near Kenayaw Bay. Alaska. Vrain's Fort. Same as Fort St. Vrain. Colorado. Vulcan, Fort. On Jones Island, Savannah River. Georgia. Wabash, Fort. Mouth of Wabash River. Indiana. Wacahoota, Fort. Nine miles southwest of Micanopy. Florida. Wacissa, Fort. At mouth of Wacissa River. Florida. Waddy, Fort. Near Charleston. South Carolina. Wade, Fort. Florida. Wadsworth, Fort. See Fort Richmond. West side of the Narrows entrance to New York Harbor, on the northeastern coast of Staten Island. A post on this site named Fort Richard was established in 1827. Fort Wadsworth was named after Gen­eral J. S. Wadsworth who was killed in the battle of the Wilder­ness in 1864. The reservation comprises 221 acres; in 1914 the post was garrisoned by two companies of coast artillery. New York. Wadsworth, Fort. Name changed to Fort Sisseton. North Dakota. Wadsworth, Fort. Lounsberry's "Early History of North Dakota" makes several definite references to Fort Wadsworth, the first date being 1864. He states that Fort Wadsworth was located on Kettle Lake, afterwards known as Sisseton, North Dakota. The present town of Sisseton is in Roberts County, South Dakota. Rand McNally Atlas, 1905, gives Frank as the mail town for Fort Sisseton, the successor of Fort Wadsworth. South Dakota. Wadsworth, Fort. One of the works constructed before Petersburg, during the Civil War. Virginia. Wagner, Fort. One of the defenses of Washington, east of Uniontown on Good Hope Hill; first named Fort Good Hope. District of Columbia. Wagner, Fort. Confederate work on north end of Morris' Island, near Charleston. South Carolina. Wakarusa, Fort. Fort Wakarusa was located on the Wakar-usa River, about five miles from Lawrence. Fort Wakarusa was a free-state fortification and came into existence during the AMERICAN POSTS 71 Wakarusa War. Kansas. Wakasassa, Fort. Temporary post near the left bank of Wakasassa River, about twenty-four miles from its mouth; es­tablished in Florida War. Florida. Walcott, Fort. On Goat Island, Narragansett Bay. Rhode Island. Walker, Fort. Temporary post during Florida War, in the vicinity of Alachua Prairie, about twelve miles southeast from Newnansville. Florida. Walker, Fort. Temporary post built during Florida War, located in Okefenokee Swamp. Georgia. Walker, Fort. See Fort Beauregard, South Carolina. A Con­federate fort on the southern shore of the harbor of Port Royal, at Hilton Plead, name changed to Fort Wells. On the northern shore of the harbor was Fort Beauregard. Both forts were cap­tured by the troops of General Sherman in 1861. South Carolina. Walker's Fort. On Brazos River. Texas. Wallace, Fort. South fork of Smoky Hill River, opposite mouth of Rose Creek, Wallace County. Kansas. Wallace, Fort. Near Blairsville. Pennsylvania. Walla Walla, Fort- Donald McKenzie established Fort Walla Walla in 1818 to strengthen the control of the interior. This post, along with others, was enlarged when the Hudson's Bay Company and the Northwest Fur Company were united in 1831. On October 4, 1841, a number of Canadian settlers, who were retired servants of the Hudson's Bay Company, arrived at Fort Walla Walla. The next day, October 5, they helped save the property at Fort Walla Walla when it burned. Colonel Wright and Lieutenant-Colonel Steptoe rebuilt Fort Walla Walla in 1857, completing it on November 20. In 1908, there were 31 officers and 327 men at Fort Walla Walla. Washington. Wallen, Camp. Military post located near Tucson. Supplies were shipped in from Fort Yuma. Tucson was the headquarters of the Military District. On the left bank of the Rio Pedro, near the mouth of Badocomari Creek, east of Rubac and near the present site or on site of Fort Huachuca. Arizona. Wallenpaupack, Fort. In Pike County. Pennsylvania. Walpack, Fort. On Delaware River. Pennsylvania. Walsh, Fort Canada. Walthour's Fort. Eight miles west of Greensburg. Pennsyl­vania. Warburton, Fort. Now Fort Washington. Maryland. Ward, Fort. Temporary post during Florida War, left bank of the Olustee Creek, above its mouth on Santa Fe River. Florida. Ward, Fort. One of the defenses of Washington, D. C, south of the Potomac, and three miles northwest of Alexandria. 72 THE UTAH HISTORICAL QUARTERLY Virginia. Ward, Fort Nine miles west of Seattle. Washington. Wardon's Fort. On Lost River. West Virginia. Wardwell, Camp. Name changed to Fort Morgan. Colorado. Warren, Fort. Or Governors Island. Subsequent site of Fort Winthrop. Massachusetts. Warren, Fort. Near the outer entrance to Boston Harbor. Fort Warren was established as a military post in 1837. The reservation on Georges Island comprises 28 acres. The post was first occupied in 1861 during the Civil War at which time it was used as a military prison for Confederate soldiers. This post is headquarters for the coast artillery district of Boston. In 1914 the company consisted of one garrison of coast artillery. Massa­chusetts. Warren, Fort. At Plymouth. North Carolina. Warren, Fort. At Castleton. Vermont. . Warren, Francis E., Fort. Same as Fort D. A. Russell. Wyoming. Washakie, Fort. See Camp Augur. This was a subpost of Fort Bridger, established on the present site of Lander, Wyo­ming. It was named for Brigadier-General C. C. Augur, United States Army, at that time commanding the Department of the Platte. The post was established at the earnest request of Chief Washakie in compliance with the terms of a treaty with the Shoshone and Bannock Indians. Subsequently it was a separate post, named for Captain Frederick H. Brown, Eighteenth In­fantry, who was killed at the Fort Phil Kearny massacre, De­cember 21, 1866. Fort Brown post was located June 26, 1871, on the south bank of the south fork of the Little Wind River, near the junction with the north fork. The new post was first built of adobes and later of hard rock taken from a quarry near the post. In December, 1878, the name of the post was changed to Fort Washakie in honor of the illustrious chief of the Sho­shones. Later the military post was turned over to the Interior Department and used as an agency for the Shoshone and Arap­ahoe Indians. Fremont County. Wyoming. Washington, Fort. Prince Georges County. Nearly opposite Mount Vernon. Twelve miles south of Washington, on left bank of Potomac River. The post was established in 1815. The reservation comprises 334 acres. The garrison usually consists of three companies of coast artillery. Maryland. Washington, Fort. At Portsmouth. New Hampshire. Washington, Fort. Left bank of the Hudson, between 181st and 186th streets, New York City. Fort Washington was a very important military post during the American Revolution. It oc­cupied the highest part of the northern end of Manhattan Island. AMERICAN POSTS 73 After the battle of White Plains, Washington left a considerable force in Fort Washington under Colonel Magaw. General Howe attacked the fort and Colonel Magawi made a stubborn re­sistance. The American loss was 130 men and the British 450 in taking the fort. 2700 Colonial troops surrendered to General William Howe on November 16, 1776. The loss of Fort Wash­ington was considered one of the great American disasters of the Revolutionary War. New York. Washington, Fort. At Washington. North Carolina. Washington!, Fort. Obliterated fort on the present site of Cincinnati. It was from Fort Washington that General Harmar set out against the Indians in 1790, and after his crushing defeat, General St. Clair set out from the same fort in Sept. 1791. Gen­eral St. Clair built Fort Flamilton twenty miles north of Fort Washington on the Miami River and Fort Jefferson forty miles farther north. Ohio. Washington, Fort. On Nootka Sound. Oregon. Washington, Fort. Eight miles east of Norristown Mont­gomery County. Pennsylvania. Washington, Fort. Opposite Harrisburg. Pennsylvania. Washington, Fort. See Fort George. Rhode Island. Washington, Fort. At Pass Cavallo. Texas. Washita, Fort. Marcy in Prairie Traveler, Route 111 writes as follows: "Boggy Depot to Blue River 12^ miles; Blue River to Fort Washita &y2 miles." This would place Fort Washita be­low Boggy Depot as shown on maps today. Left bank of the Washita River, twenty-two miles above its mouth in old Indian Territory. Oklahoma. Watauga, Fort. This fort, near Sycamore Shoals, was in ex­istence as early as 1776. It sustained a siege by Indians in that year, lead by Old Abraham. Robertson, Sevier and some forty men defended the fort. A few people were killed including one boy who was carried off and burned at the stake. According to frontier tradition, a young lass was pursued by fleet-footed sav­ages. A young officer shot the foremost of her pursuers and lifted her over the stockade. The officer, John Sevier, and the young lady, Bonnie Kate Sherrill, later married. Tennessee. Watson, Fort. A British Stockade on Wright's Bluff, on the left bank of Scott's Lake of the Santee River, captured by Marion in 1781. Clarendon County. South Carolina. Wayne, Fort. Near Brunswick. Georgia. Wayne, Fort. In Allen County, on site of city of Fort Wayne which is also built on the site of the principal village of the Miami Indians and near the site of the old French Fort Miami. In October, 1790, General Harmer burned the Indian village. In 1794 General Anthony Wayne built a fort here which was be- 74 THE UTAH HISTORICAL QUARTERLY sieged by Indians in September, 1812. Indiana. Wayne, Fort. On Illinois River. Near Western boundary of Missouri, in northeast corner of old Indian Territory. Oklahoma. Wayne, Fort. Right bank of Detroit Straits or River, three miles below Detroit. Buildings fair state of preservation and partly occupied by U. S. troops in 1925; streetcar line to post. Fort Wayne was established as a United States military post in 1842. The reservation contained 62 acres lying along the Detroit River. There are quarters here for a battalion of infantry. Michigan. Weaver, Fort. In Pearl Harbor. Hawaiian Islands. Webb, Fort. Near West Point. New York. Webstjer, Fort. At the copper mines in southwest New Mexi­co. Name changed to Fort McLane. New Mexico. Weed, Fort. One of the defenses of Washington, D. C, south­west of Alexandria. Virginia. Wekiwa, Fort. Temporary post during Florida War, on left bank of Spring Creek, about one mile above its mouth. Florida. Weller, Fort. On head waters of Russian River, fifty miles from Cloverdale in Mendocino County. California. Wellington, Fort. A British post in eastern Ontario, garri­soned by British and Canadian Troops in the '60's, and perhaps before that time. Windmill Point, one and one-half miles below the fort, was the scene of an attack by the "Patriots" in 1838. The "Patriots" were taken prisoners, some were executed at Kingston and others transported to Van Dieman's Land. Canada. Wells, Fort. Formerly Fort Walker, north of Hilton Head, captured in 1861. South Carolina. Wells' Fort. In Washington County. Pennsylvania. Wentwofth, Fort. On the Connecticut River, longitude 71.31 west; latitude 44.32 north. New Hampshire. Wessells, Fort. One of the defenses of Plymouth; built dur­ing the Civil War. North Carolina. West Bureau, Fort. Built during the Black Hawk War. Illinois. Westcott, Fort. Temporary post during Florida War, on southern extremity of the State in the Everglades. Florida. Western, Fort. At Augusta. Maine. Westfall's Fort. West Virginia. West, Fort. Near headwaters of the Gila River. New Mexico. West, Fort William. Ontario. Canada. West's Fort. In Lewis County. West Virginia. Wetherill, Fort. Subpost of Fort Adams, two miles from Newport. On Conanicut Island. Narragansett Bay. Rhode Island. Wheadmans, Fort. Florida. Wheeler, Fort. In Columbia County. Pennsylvania. AMERICAN POSTS 75 Wheelock, Fort. Temporary post established during the Florida War, on southwest end of Orange Lake. Florida. Whipple, Fort. One mile.from Prescott. Arizona. Whipple, Fort. See Fort Myer. One of the defenses of Wash­ington, D. C., at Arlington Heights. Virginia. White, Fort. Vicinity of Macon in Clarke County, between the Alabama and Tombigbee Rivers. Alabama. White, Fort. Temporary post established during Florida War, left bank of the Santa Fe River, about seven miles from its mouth. The present Fort White is now shown as a railroad station, not on a river. Columbia County. Florida. White's Fort At Knoxville. Tennessee. White's Fort. Built by Mormon pioneers on Bingham Creek as a protection against the Indians in Salt Lake County, south­west of Salt Lake City. Utah. White Oak Spring, Fort. Near Wisconsin-Illinois border. Built during Black Hawk War. Wisconsin. White River Post. Built in 1832. South Dakota. Whit|man, Fort. A subpost of Fort Worden. District of Columbia. Whittlesey, Fort. One of the defensive works of Covington, near Newport. Kentucky. Whitworth, Fort. At Petersburg; also called Fort Alexander. Virginia. Whoop Up, Fort. Built in 1871. Near Fort Kipp. Canada. Whyte, Fort. In northeast section of Morris Provincial Elec­tion District. Manitoba. Canada. Wichita, Camp. Name changed to Fort Sill. Indian Terri­tory. Oklahoma. "Wicked," Fort. A stage station and ranch hut built for de­fense half way between Julesburg and Denver. The above face­tious name was given to the post by some passerby. Colorado. Wilburn, Fort. Built in Black Hawk War on Illinois River, nearly opposite present city of Peru. Illinois. Wilkins, Fort. Oconee River. Georgia. Wilkins, Fort. At Copper Mine Harbor, Lake Superior, \y2 miles east of the town of Copper Harbor. Michigan. Wilkinson, Fort. Right bank of Oconee River, north side of the mouth of Camp Creek, below Milledgeville. Georgia. Williard, Fort. One of the defenses of Washington, D. C, southwest of Alexandria. Virginia. Willet's Point, Fort. Same as Fort Totten. Long Island, at junction of East River and Long Island Sound, opposite Fort Schuyler. New York. William Augustus, Fort Near Ogdensburg. New York. William Castle, Fort. Old post on Castle Island, Boston Har- 76 THE UTAH HISTORICAL QUARTERLY bor; now obliterated. Massachusetts. William, Castle, Fort. Governor's Island came into promi­nence in the 1790's during the difficulties with France. In 1796 Fort Castle William had earthworks., two batteries, a large pow­der magazine and barracks for the garrison. Considerable money was spent on the post, after which it was named Fort Jay. In 1806 Fort Jay was pronounced "rubbish" by Thomas Jefferson and torn down; Fort Columbus on the same site was erected during his administration. A "circular castle," known in official papers as Castle William, was begun in 1811. This interesting landmark is still standing. New York. William and Mary, Fort. Near Boston. Massachusetts. William and Mary, Fort. On Goat Island near Portsmouth. New Hampshire. William, Fort. Built by the Bents in 1828, about twelve miles northeast of the present own of Las Animas. Named after Colo­nel William Bent who was the leader of the family. Colorado. William, Fort. Ontario. Founded as a Hudson's Bay Com­pany post in 1801. Canada. William, Fort. Quebec. Canada. WilUam, Fort. 1802. Same as Fort Kaministiquia. 1679-1717. Canada. William, Fort. South end of Cumberland Island. Georgia. William, Fort. Near Boston. Massachusetts. William, Fort. Minnesota. William, Fort. On Grand Island mouth of Piscataqua. New Hampshire. William, Fort. Near Plymouth. North Carolina. William, Fort. (1833-34). Same as Fort Mortimer 1845-46. North Dakota. William, Fort. Established in 1834-35. Near Fort Vancouver, on left bank of Columbia River. Oregon. William, Fort. A frontier post built in or a little before 1856. The post stood six miles north of Port Clinton and one and one-half miles east. Fort William, more frequently called Fort Lebanon, was an important post for many years after it was built. It is now obliterated. Pennsylvania. William, Fort. See Fort Laramie. Wyoming. William Hendrick, Fort. At Bowling Green, New York City. New York. William Henry, Fort. At Pemaquid. Maine. William Henry, Fort. This fort was erected in 1755 by Sir William Johnson on the site of the present site of Caldwell, New York, which is at the head of Lake George. During the early part of the French and Indian War it was a strategic point and the starting point for many minor expeditions against the French AMERICAN POSTS 77 and Indians. It was attacked in 1757 by Rigaud and later, in the same year, by Montcalm. Montcalm's attack was successful and he agreed that the garrison should march out with the honors of war. On August 10, 1757, they began their march to Fort Edward, accompanied by a detachment of French regulars. Part of the prisoners were massacred and the remainder carried into captivity. Cooper, uses this incident in his "Last of the Mohi­cans." New York. William Henry, Fort. The location of this fort has been re­ferred to as, "At the foot of the Blue Mountains, twenty-four miles northwest of Reading." According to this description there is probably some confusion between the name of this fort and Fort William. Pennsylvania. William H. Seward, Fort. Fort William H. Seward is a gar­risoned post on Lynn Canal, fifteen miles from Skagway. The post is a regimental headquarters and a battalion infantry is stationed there. It is the largest post in Alaska. Alaska. William McKinley, Fort. This post is located six miles south­east of Manila and is connected with Manila by means of an elec­tric railway and two good highways. It is one of the largest army posts. It was begun in 1902 and occupied as a regular garrison February 25, 1907. Philippine Islands. Williams, Fort. Left bank of the Coosa River, at the north side of the mouth of Cedar Creek. Alabama. Williams, Fort 1802. Same as Kaministiquia Fort (1679- 1717). Canada. Williams, Fort. On Arkansas River. Colorado. Williams, Fort. Florida. Williams, Fort. Four miles from Portland; a United States military post. The garrison usually consists of five companies of coast artillery. Maine. Williams, Fort. Near Corinth. Mississippi. Williams, Fort. On Mohawk River. Now Rome, Oneida County. Built during the French and Indian War. New York. Williams, Fort. One of the defenses of Plymouth; built dur­ing the Civil War. North Carolina. Williams, Fort. One of the defenses of Washington, D. C, on Traitor's Hill, near Alexandria. Virginia. Williamsburg, Fort. Also called Fort Blount; Smith County. Tennessee. Williamson's Station. Built by Colonel David Williamson during the Revolutionary War, on Buffalo Creek, twelve miles from the Ohio River. Pennsylvania. Willopa, Fort. At Willopa, Pacific County. Washington. Wilson, Fort. Michigan. Wilson's Fort. West Virginia. 78 THE UTAH HISTORICAL QUARTERLY Winchester, Fort. Near site of Fort Defiance, at junction of the Auglaize with the Maumee. Ohio. Wind Gap, Fort near. Near Miller's Station, on the Bangor and Portland Railroad; built as early as 1756 or before that date. This frontier post had various names' such as "Teet's House," "Deedt's Blockhouse," and "Tead's Blockhouse." Ac­cording1 to "Frontier Forts of Pennsylvania," there was a block­house near Wind Gap, also standing. Pennsylvania. Winfield Scott, Fort. The original site of Fort Winfield Scott was fortified by the Spaniards in 1794. Four years after the ad­mission of California, a brick fort was built here and named in honor of General Winfield Scott. Fort Point was condemned in 1906; on June 20, 1912, the present post was occupied. In 1914 the garrison consisted of ten companies of coast artillery. San Francisco. California. Wingate,: Fort. Right bank of the Rio de Galto, twenty-one miles southwest of Mount Taylor, McKinley County. According to local accounts this post was the first one at which General John J. Pershing was stationed; the house in which he was presumed to be quartered is pointed out to visitors. Many of the buildings standing in 1928. Near Gallup. On site of old Fort Lyon. New Mexico. Wingawn, Fort. According to legends an ancient earthwork, in what was formerly Bedford County, bore this name. Pennsyl­vania. Winnebago, Fort. Right bank of the Upper Fox River, near the east end of the canal connecting that river with the Wiscon­sin River. Wisconsin. Winslow, Fort. Hudson River, above Mohawk. New York. Wintermoot's Fort. In Wyoming Valley, near Sturmerville. Pennsylvania. Winthrop, Camp. Name changed to Camp Three Forks Owyhee. Idaho. Winthrop, Fort. Governors Island, Boston Harbor, on site of old Fort Warren. Massachusetts. Winyaw, Fort. At Blythe's Point, near Georgetown. South Carolina. Wiscasset, Fort. At Sheepscot Bay. Maine. Wise, Fort. See Fort Lyon. Situated on Arkansas River a short distance up the river from the mouth of the Purgatoire River. In 1861 the name was changed to Fort Lyon. Colorado. Wolcott, Fort. Goat Island, Newport Harbor. Rhode Island. Woodbury, Fort. One of the defenses of Washington, D. C, south of Potomac. Virginia. Wood, Fort. Subpost of Fort Jay, situated on Bedloe's Island, New York about two miles southwest from the Battery at New AMERICAN POSTS 79 York City. Situated on Bedloe's Island in New York Harbor. The star-shaped fort was constructed in 1841 at a cost of $21,- 300. The statue of Liberty is located on the same island. New York. Wood, Fort. Near Chattanooga. Tennessee. Wood, G. W. F. Camp. Fifty miles northwest of Fort Inge. Texas. Woodruff, Fort. Near Portsmouth. Virginia. Wool, Fort. Mouth of Trinity River. California. Wool, Fort. Temporary post during Florida War, right bank of the Suwanee River, ten miles from its mouth. Florida. _'. " Wool, Fort. See Fort Monroe, Norfolk. At the Rip-Raps in Hampton Roads. Formerly Fort Calhoun. Virginia. Wooster, Fort. On height between New Haven and East Haven, one mile northeast from Fort Hale. Connecticut. Worden, Fort. Fifty-one miles from Seattle. This post was established in 1898 when Batteries Randol Quarrels and Bran-nen were built. President Johnson set aside lands along the Pacific Coast for military purposes in 1866. 640 acres were re­served at Fort Worden. Fort Worden is usually garrisoned by six companies of coast artillery. It is one of the defenses of Puget Sound, at Point Wilson, near Port Townsend. Washing­ton. Worth, Fort. Right bank of the Clear Fork of the Trinity River near Dallas, founded as a military post by Ripley D. Arnold in 1849. The city of Fort Worth became a county seat in 1860 and was incorporated in 1873. Tarrant County. Texas. Worth,, Fort. One of the defenses of Washington, D. C, south of Potomac, near Alexandria. Virginia. Worthington, Fort. Near Baltimore. Maryland. Wrangell, Fort On Wrangell Island. Alaska. Wright, Fort. In Round Valley, Mendocino County. Cali­fornia. Wright, Fort. Rebel work left bank of the Mississippi River, twelve tniles above the mouth of the Big Hatchee River, six miles above Fort Pillow. Tennessee. Wright, Fort. Four miles west of Spokane. Washington. Wright, H. G., Fort. Eight miles across sound from New London, located on Fishers Island at the eastern end of Long Island Sound. The island is noted for having been the locality in which Captain Kidd operated. The post was named after Brigadier General Horatio Gouvernor Wright. Other units in the vicinity were Forts Terry, Michie, Trumbull, Mansfield, and Tyler. Trumbull, Mansfield and Tyler have been abandoned. This post dates from 1898. New York. Wyllys, Fort. On Hudson River, near West Point. New 80 THE UTAH HISTORICAL QUARTERLY York. Wyoming, Fort. Near Wilkesbarre. Pennsylvania. Yamhill, Fort-Military. South fork of Yamhill River, on northeastern part of Indian Coast Reservation, thirty-five miles southwest of Portland. Oregon. Yates, Fort. Right bank of Missouri River. In Sioux County. North Dakota. Yellowstone, Fort. Yellowstone National Park was formerly called Fort Yellowstone National Park. Fort Yellowstone was established as a military post in 1886. It occupies the former site of Camp Sheridan (1874). The reservation lies on Beaver Creek, five miles from Gardiner on the Northern Pacific Railroad. In 1914 the garrison had charge of Yellowstone National Park, in­cluding the protection of visitors. At that time a squadron of cavalry were located there. Yellowstone National Park. Wy­oming. York, Fort. On York River. Virginia. Young, Fort. West Virginia. Yukon, Fort. Fort Yukon is an old and well-known trading post located on the great bend of the Yukon River, just within the Arctic circle. A government school for natives is located at this point, the attendance being about two hundred. Alaska. Yuma, Fort. This post was located on the top of a round butte. The post was just above the railroad bridge on the right bank of the Colorado River, opposite the mouth of the Gila River and at head of navigation of the Colorado River. On No­vember 27, 1850, Major Heintzelman of the U. S. Army, es­tablished a post at the junction of the Gila and Colorado rivers, which at first was called Camp Independence. In March, 1851, this post and the garrison were transferred to the site of the old Spanish Mission upon the rising ground on the California side of the Colorado River and it was soon after called Fort Yuma. Fort Yuma seems to have been abandoned from Decem­ber, 1851, to February, 1852. Major Heintzelman returned in February, 1852, to rebuild the fort and to permanently rees­tablish the garrison. This post has been the center of many military, civic, and scientific activities. California. Zabrisky, Fort. Near Zabrisky River. Virginia. Zimmerman, Fort. At St. Johnsville. New York. Zollicoffer, Fort. Five miles below Nashville. Tennessee. Zumwalls, Fort. In St. Charles County. Missouri. (The End) Utah State Historical Society BOARD OF CONTROL (Terms Expiring April 1, 1937) J. CECIL ALTER, Salt Lake City JOEL E. RICKS, Logan WM. R. PALMER, Cedar City PARLEY L. WILLIAMS, Salt Lake City ALBERT F. PHILIPS, Salt Lake City (Terms Expiring April 1, 1935) GEORGE E. FELLOWS, Salt Lake City WILLIAM J. SNOW, Provo HUGH RYAN, Salt Lake City LEVI E. YOUNG, Salt Lake City FRANK K. SEEGMILLER, Salt Lake City EXECUTIVE OFFICERS 1932-1933 ALBERT F. PHILIPS, President Emeritus WILLIAM J. SNOW, President J. CECIL ALTER, Secretary-Treasurer-Librarian HUGH RYAN, Vice President Editor in Chief All Members, Board of Control, Associate Editors MEMBERSHIP Paid memberships at the required fee of $2 a year, will include current subscriptions to the Utah Historical Quarterly. Non-members and insti­tutions may receive the Quarterly at $1 a year or 35 cents per copy; but it is preferred that residents of the State become active members, and thus participate in the deliberations and achievements of the Society. Checks should be made payable to the Utah State Historical Society and mailed to the Secretary-Treasurer, 131 State Capitol, Salt Lake City, Utah. CONTRIBUTIONS The Society was organized essentially to collect, disseminate and pre­serve important material pertaining to the history of the State. To effect this end, contributions of writings are solicited, such as old diaries, journals, letters and other writings of the pioneers; also original manu­scripts by present day writers on any phase of early Utah history. Treasured papers or manuscripts may be printed in faithful detail in the Quarterly, without harm to them, and without permanently removing them from their possessors. Contributions and correspondence should be addressed to the Editor. Utah Historical Quarterly, 131 State Capitol, Salt Lake City, Utah.