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Show 508 MESSRS. SCLATER AND SALVIN ON THE CRACIDAE. [June 9, The last of these species is here first described as new under tbe name Crax yarrelli; but the name had been previously mentioned, P. Z. S. 1830-31, p. 33. (1836.) Johann Miiller, in his article upon the different forms of the penis in the class of birds (Abh. Ak. Berlin, 1836, p. 137), shows that Crax and Penelope agree with Tinamus in possessing a small rudimentary penis, which is never found in the ordinary Gallinaceee. (1837.) Swainson, in his 'Classification of Birds,' arranges Crax (ranking Penelope and the other genera as its subgenera) as a genus of his subfamily Megapodinee, and family Columbidee. (1844.) Mr. G. R. Gray, in Gray and Mitchell's 'Genera of Birds,' vol. iii., arranges the Cracidee as the first family of his order G A L L I N G , and divides them into two subfamilies, Penelopince and Cracince. The Penelopince contain three genera : - Ortalida, with a nominal list of fourteen species ; Penelope, with ten species; and Oreophasis, with one, viz. 0. derbyanus, which remarkable bird is now introduced into science, and very beautifully figured. Mr. Gray's second subfamily (Cracince) is divided into two genera, Crax and Pauxi. An excellent figure is given of the female of Pauxi galeata. Six species are referred to Crax and three to Pauxi. Altogether Mr. Gray enumerates thirty-four species of Cracidee as now known to science ; but it must be born in mind that several of the names given are merely synonyms. Three subsequently described species are added to the list in the appendix to this work. (1844-46.) Tschudi, in his 'Fauna Peruana,' gives four species of Cracince and six species of Penelopince as met with in the wood-region of Eastern Peru. His identifications of these birds must be received with caution, being in some cases apparently only founded on recollection. Crax temminckii, which he describes as new, is certainly the Central-American C. globicera. Penelope aspersa, described as new = Ortalida guttata ; P. rufiventris = Chamcepetes goudoti. Tschudi, however, gives several interesting anatomical details, in particular concerning the penis of Penelope, in confirmation of Johann Muller's discoveries on this subject. (1846.) The second volume of the 'Knowsley Menagerie' contains four large figures, by Lear, of species of Penelope, viz. :- Knowsley Menagerie. (Of this Synopsis.) Pl. 8. P. superciliaris = P. jacucaca. 9. P. pileata = P. pileata. 10. P. pipile = Pipile cumanensis. 11. P. purpurascens = P. marail. (1847.) Sir William Jardine, in one of his articles on the birds of Tobago in the 'Annals of Nat. History,' describes Ortalida ruficauda as a new species from that island, and the following year (' Contributions to Ornithology, 1848) figures and describes its trachea. (1848.) Cabanis, in the ' Fauna of British Guiana,' contained in the third volume of 'Schomburgk's Travels,' enumerates five species of Penelopince and four of Cracince as obtained by Schomburgk in that country. These are all probably rightly determined, except |