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Show 446 MR. n. SWINHOE ON CHINESE ZOOLOGY. [June 9, for sale ; the best were Garrulus brandti, Eophona personata, Leu-codiopterum sinense, and Acridotheres philippensis (the last two from the south). W e travelled, on the 24th of September, the remaining twenty miles and reached Kalgan, or Changchiakow. Near this town the road again became stony, and the hills closed round to form the long pass which gradually ascends for thirty miles, until it places you on the boundless grassy plain of Mongolia. W e passed many parties of Mongols with strings of camels, and driving troops of ponies, and several of their encampments. Crossing the Tungkeao (bridge) which spans the stream that runs down from the pass, we put up at a Mahommedan inn outside the city-wall. On the 25th our Mahommedan host took us for a walk to show us the lions. Lower Kalgan, or Hiapoo, is the walled city of Wan-tseuen Hien. The road leads past this town to Upper Kalgan, or Shangpoo, about three quarters of a mile distant, at the end of which, in a short gorge, is the gate of the famous or old Great Wall. Up the hill on either side runs the wall, or rather its ruined remains-in many places little more than a line of rubble ; but up the mountain and down into the valley, as far as tbe sight can strain, it holds its serpentine course. The wall of the Nankow Pass supplements this, enclosing the prefecture of Seuenhwafoo, which belongs to the Chili province, but is still often called Mongolia. Our host told the guard of the gate who we were, and took us outside of China. Beyond the gate the pass was divided into two by a lower hill-range, with roads on each side which united further upwards. The roads were broken and rough in places, made of slabs of stone which had got displaced ; and the hills were barren and had a scorched look like those of Aden. W e were not tempted to continue our journey in jolting carts, and preferred spending our few extra days of leave in returning leisurely by the way we had come. Rooks, Magpies, and Kites were common about Kalgan, and Reguloides superciliosus and the Pied Woodpecker were the most frequent birds in the trees about the gardens in her suburbs. One of the latter I fired at died clinging to the top bough of a tree, and there was no getting it down. W e spent the morning of the 27th of September strolling about the neighbourhood of Kerning. In the fields towards the river Rooks and Jackdaws were feeding; all the Rooks appeared to have feathered chins. Among the willows we found the Barbary Dove (Turtur risorius, L.). W e frequently came across this species in this prefecture of Seuenhwafoo between the two walls, as also Turtur gelastes (Temm.). In the neighbourhood of Peking the latter occurred, but not the former; and, indeed, I have never seen the Barbary Dove in any other part of China. It is a tame, gentle bird, and easily approached. I procured both full-plumaged young without the neck-ring and adult birds. Its eyelid is pale yellow, iris chestnut-red ; bill brownish black; legs madder-pink, with black claws. Turtur gelastes has the eyelid deep madder-pink, iris golden-sienna ; bill brownish madder, browner on apical half; legs purplish madder, with black claws. Some little birds among the willows were uttering |