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Show 1880.] DR. A. GUNTHER ON JAPANESE MAMMALIA. 441 specimen (Plate XLII. fig. A), preserved in spirits, was obtained by late Mr. J. K. Lord, who described its habits in the P. Z. S. for 1864. p. 161. As far as external characters are concerned, the American soecies could scarcely be generically distinguished from the Japanese form. Its snout and nostrils are similarly formed. The eye is in the same rudimentary condition, little conspicuous, and nearly hidden under the skin. The ears are wide slits, nearly longitudinal with regard to the axis of the body, and placed so far back on the side of the head as to be opposite to the base of the fore legs. The fore feet (fig. a) are rather broader than in U. talpoides (fig. 6), whilst the tarsal tubercles on the sole of the hind feet (fig. a') are much less developed than in that species (fig. b'). The fur is lustrous, but less so than in the female from Yokohama described above ; and the hairs on the tail are so sparse and short as to leave the verticelli uncovered, almost as in a rat's tail. The specimen has an extremely thin but prominent penis, projecting 5 millims. beyond the skin. With regard to its dentition (figs, u, I) U.gibbsii differs so much from the Japanese species, that, in m y opinion, it should be placed in a distinct genus, for which the name Neiirotrichus may be used. Mr. Mivart in the 'Journal of Anatomy and Physiology,' ii. 1868, arranges the dental formula for tbe Japanese Urotrichus thus:- I. U C.!=i. Pm. fcj M. g=S=36. In Neilrotrichus the formula would be T 2-2 p, 1-1 -p 3-3 ,, 3-3 18 „- Dr. Baird (Mamm. N. Am. p. 77) has already mentioned the curious scalpriform modification of the upper and lower front incisors, which remind us of those of Scalops and Condylura ; the upper are much broader than the lower, and inserted in a vertical position, whilst the lower are subhorizontal. T A L P A M I Z U R A , n. sp. Japan is inhabited by a second species of Mole beside Talpa wogura. In a collection made by Mr. H. Pryer in the neighbourhood of Yokohama, there is, beside specimens of the common species, the dried skin of a Mole distinguished by tbe uniform slate-colour of its fur, which is also less dense and elastic than in Talpa wogura. But the most obvious distinctive character is its much longer tail: the total length of the specimen is 48 Hues, the tail measuring 10 lines, or a little more than one fifth of the length of the body. In a specimen of Talpa wogura of similar size, namely 46 lines, the tail is only 6 lines long, or nearly one eighth of the length of the body. In other respects I do not find any difference from Talpa wogura, and unfortunately the skin is in too bad a condition to allow of the extraction of the skull. U R S U S ARCTOS, Linn. Mr. Maries obtained from Yeterop, the largest of the Kurile |