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Show 1 880.] ON T H E DURATION OF LIFE IN ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS. 299 Fig. 3. The same, X4. Showing the sac filled with spermatic coil. 4. Spermatophores as seen lying within the spermatheca of A. gigas, x8. 5. The cervicorn processes of' the capreolus of A. gigas, var. minor, X 20. 6. Junction of the spermatheca and oviduct in A. gigas, x4. 7. The amatory organ or dart-sac, cut open, exposing the dart, much enlarged. 8. Generative organs of A. gigas. var. minor, nat. size. PLATE XXVII. Fig. 1. Animal of Girasia brunnea, Godw.-Aust., from nature, nat. size. 2. Spirit-specimen, G. hookeri, Gray. View of right side, nat. size, 3. The same. View of left side, nat. size. X points where muscles are attached internally. 4. Mantle showing lobes, respiratory and anal orifices, enlarged. 5. Portion of the foot, showing segmentation, of G. shillongensis. 6. Generative organs of 67. ehillongensis, G.-A., nat. size. 7. The ovo-testes and hermaphrodite duct to the albumen gland in G. brunnea, X4. 7 a. Ovo-testis under higher power. 8. The capreolus or spermatophore of 67. shillongensis, X4. 8 a. One of its branch-like processes broken off, X 20. 8 b. Terminal point, X 50. 9. Jaw of A. gigas, var. minor, x8. 10. Teeth of the odontophore in same species, x340. C= central; M- median; L=lateral. 2. On the Duration of Life of the Animals in the Zoological Garden at Frankfort-on-the-Main. By Director Dr. MAX SCHMIDT. [Eeceived March 18, 1880.] He who has occupied himself with the rearing and keeping of animals, is well aware of the care and attention that are needful to succeed, and that, in spite of the greatest pains, he is not always free from failure. The director of a zoological garden has more occasion than other persons to make this experience. His wards, so manifold in shape, constitution, and disposition, require every moment his circumspection, precaution, and perseverance. Again and again he is compelled to devise new means of relief and expedients to preserve the feeble health and the so-easily-destroyed life of the poor creatures that come to his hands, often heavily damaged by conveyance. Many a time he would be happy to avail himself of the experience of others; but he misses sadly all literary resources; for although, in the course of the last 20 years, zoological gardens of considerable account have been established in different parts of the continent, subsidiary books and periodicals, containing communications about particulars of importance for the keeping and management of animals, are very scarce. The Zoological Society in Frankfort-on-the-Main early conceived the importance of such publications, and for this purpose founded the professional newspaper the « Zoological Garden,' which has arrived at |