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Show flat areas where normal channel capacity is inade- quate to discharge such flows. (18) Upstream flood water retarding structures are needed in upper water courses to reduce runoff damages and to provide temporary storage. (19) Minor tributary channels should be stabi- lized to prevent bank cutting, the formation of sediments, and the loss of good agricultural lands. (20) A more extensive program of road bank stabilization is needed to prevent loss of soil. (21) Water spreading is needed on some ground water replenishment areas, such as that of the Dakota sandstone, to recharge depleted ground water supplies. However, comprehensive data are needed to delineate a proper program. (22) Watershed treatment programs should pro- ceed in step with major construction. Forests (23) Better forest fire control is needed, espe- cially in the Ozarks and in the upper part of the basin. (24.) A reforestation program is needed on 5 million acres of fire-swept and denuded lands, public and private, including 300,000 acres of forest where productivity has been reduced by over- cutting, grazing, and other misuse. (25) A shelterbelt and windbreak program cov- ering about 2J/2 million acres is needed on the farm and plains lands. Public Lands (26) Public lands in Federal ownership should be given outstanding management, protection, and administration to make them great assets to the basin. (27) A land rehabilitation and restoration pro- gram is needed on the Federal public lands, which for 50 years or more have been subjected to many kinds of abuse and which have been so largely neg- lected by the public during the past quarter cen- tury. Such a program would include water spread- ing, reseeding, erosion control, and other soil and water conservation practices. (28) An acquisition program should be inaugu- rated so that the Federal Government may acquire key lands which dominate the use of large acreages of public land. By purchase of these lands, pres- sure on other grazing lands can be alleviated. In addition, lands intermingled and adjacent to the na- tional forests and valuable for watershed protection should be added to the national forests. (29) A program of public acquisition of critical sediment sources and high runoff areas should be undertaken, especially where such lands are cur- rently so misused as to increase local flood and sedimentation hazards. (30) Federal acquisition of private lands within boundaries of national parks, monuments, and other public reservations which prejudice public enjoy- ment or park use is needed. (31) Arrangements should be made among the several public agencies for the exchange of lands, to permit consolidation of holdings into manageable units. (32) An improved system of access roads is needed in the public lands to open tracts of timber which are retrograding as a result of fires, insect attacks, or diseases. A comparable system of trails is also needed to permit stock access to desirable range areas. (33) Agencies charged with the administration of public lands should in every way possible prevent deterioration of the lands under their care. This would mean adequate organization to prevent losses from fire and other causes, prevention of overcutting in forests and of overgrazing in range lands, and the management of the game resources so as to pre- vent impairment of water values. (34) Mining laws need revision to prevent their abuse in acquiring public lands for purposes other than mining. 2. Sedimentation Control The Problem The seriousness of sedimentation and the prac- ticable measures which can be taken to solve it. The Situation The sediment movement in the Missouri Basin is serious. Its loss is serious to the area from which it is removed, and its presence in the stream builds bars that interrupt navigation, make erodible banks along the river channel, and build the river deltas, raising the grade of the river during floods and submerging the riparian lands previously deposited. Much of this sediment is the richness of the land, washed from the surface either in suspension, as bed-load, or in chemical combinations in the water. It is this wealth that, washed from the lands of 215 |