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Show methods suited to the valley have been developed. (d) The experience and facilities of the Soil Conservation Service can make an important contribution in accelerating land treatment ac- tivities in the valley, if they are coordinated with the larger purposes of the TVA program. (e) Further acquisition of land for national forest purposes in the basin should be encour- aged, especially in the Cumberland Plateau. Similarly, various local public agencies should be encouraged to acquire land for local pur- poses such as protection to municipal water supplies, erosion control, and provision for community enterprise. (/) Research in the Coweeta area should be closely studied, and the knowledge devel- oped there used in other parts of the basin. (5) The soil conservation and other land use problems of the Tennessee Basin, as elsewhere, are inextricably associated with the level of farm in- comes, size and type of farms, tenure status, avail- ability of credit, and other socio-economic factors. Hence there is need for a fully integrated approach to all of these problems in carrying out a land treat- ment program that meets the needs of the land and the people. (6) The best manner of attaining the desired de- gree of coordination among the physical, economic, and social factors in a watershed treatment pro- gram is worthy of careful further study. The size and scope of the land treatment program needed on all watersheds of the country, and the coordina- tion of this work with other elements of river basin development, require efficient planning and opera- tion. The Tennessee Basin might well be used as a testing ground to determine the most effective approach in implementing watershed programs, and in coordinating such a program with other phases of water resources and regional development. B. Relations to State and Community 1. State and Local Participation in Planning, Programing, Financing, and Operation The Problem Extent to which State and local organizations should participate in planning, programing, financ- ing, and operating of water resource development. The Situation The place of State and local governments in a Tennessee Valley water resources program has been resolved on a basis consistent with the division of governmental responsibility established in the Constitution. It has long been established that "* * * The power to regulate commerce comprehends the control * * * of all the navigable wa- ters of the United States which are accessible from a State other than those in which they lie. * * * and includes * * * the power to keep them open and free from any obstructions." This power resides exclusively in the Federal Government.14 The participation of State agencies and local groups in the development of the valley has been furthered by the establishment of cooperative rela- tions with TVA. TVA cooperates with more than 700 State and local, public and private, agencies and institutions on various aspects of its program. The power program is administered through a joint program in which many cities and local cooperative groups distribute the energy. Land-grant colleges have a leading part in the land management pro- gram. TVA has turned over some of its most successful experiments like Big Ridge Park,15 to State agencies for administration. It has coordinated many activ- ities of Federal, State, and local governments and has eliminated overlapping. State agencies cooperating with TVA.-The major cooperative relations of States and State agencies with TVA are carried on by: (1) State land-grant colleges for research in fertilizers, soil surveys, processing of farm crops, and the improvement of farm equipment, and for test- ing and demonstrating the use of improved ferti- lizers on test-demonstration farms. (2) State forest agencies and the land-grant col- leges for reforestation, demonstrations of forest fire control and forest management practices, and for research in forest products utilization. (3) State mineral agencies and educational in- stitutions for surveying mineral deposits and de- velopment of improved methods of processing these minerals. (4) State planning commissions and develop- ment agencies for advice and assistance to urban areas and communities affected by TVA reservoirs and installations. " Gibbons v. Ogden, 9 Wheat. 1, 197 (1824). 15 See Problem G-9. 759 |
