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Show Installed capacity--.....___ Average power____......... Not coordinated: Continuous power______ Dependable capacity___ Coordinated: Continuous power, 1930.. Continuous power, 1934. - Dependable capacity___ St. Law- rence In- ternational Rapids Kilowatts 940,000 716,000 555,000 700,000 638,000 555,000 700,000 Eivers of north- ern New Eng- land and north- eastern New York Kilowatts 1,166,000 495,000 414,000 1750,000 414,000 475,000 1,166,000 Total Kilowatts 2,106,000 1,211,000 969,000 1,450,000 1,052,000 1,030,000 * 1,866,000 1 Load factor of 55 percent. » Combined load factor of 55 percent. Source: Federal Power Commission. Considered separately, the St. Lawrence Inter- national Rapids Project would supply a dependable capacity of 700,000 kilowatts and the other water power sources would provide a load at 55 percent annual load factor with a dependable capacity of 750,000 kilowatts, each source being considered under the most adverse stream flow conditions. Considered under conditions of coordinated op- eration with transmission and interchange of power, the total dependable capacity at 55 per- cent load factor would be 1,866,000 kilowatts, rep- resenting a gain of capacity for system use of 416,- 000 kilowatts. The gain due to coordination would result from the use of the International Rapids Project for base load in support of the peak power capacity at the listed river plants, and from the use of peak load power at the river plants in coordination with the base load of the International Rapids Project. Such a combined development would have ad- vantages due to the combined potential for meet- ing load characteristics. Power generally would flow at night from the St. Lawrence Project into New England and by day from New England into New York State. Another advantage would be derived from the diversity of seasonal power. For instance, in 1934 the low St. Lawrence flow and power would have been supported by normal power from New Eng- land rivers, and again in 1930 the St. Lawrence flow and power was above average and would have supported the deficiency of energy from New Eng- land rivers. Great Lakes storage caused a similar time lag in critical low St. Lawrence flow with re- spect to low river flow in New England in the years 1896 and 1926. Coordination would be advantageous in terms of seasonal power because the winter ice cover on the St. Lawrence may cause a diminishing avail- ability of power. This can be compensated by in- creasing release of water from reservoirs in New England rivers. This seasonal operation of reser- voirs would conform to sound schedules of multiple- purpose operations including provisions for main- taining recreation lake levels in summer and for reduction of storage immediately prior to spring freshets. The cost of combined hydroelectric power de- livered to market (9.7 billion kilowatt-hours) has been estimated at about 6 mills. This includes, after transmission line losses, 5.8 billion kilowatt- hours a year from St. Lawrence and 3.9 billion from the 52 hydro projects. It is estimated that a market area including northeastern New York and Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine, could ab- sorb the above combined and coordinated output on a 55 percent load factor by about 1970. Conclusions The coordination of part of the potential power on the Connecticut River and other New England rivers with St. Lawrence power would provide an efficient and mutually advantageous initial step toward the full integration of hydroelectric power in the northeastern region. The interchange of power between New York and New England would provide a greater amount of power at lower cost than separate uncoordinated developments. This might prove the catalyst required to bring lower power rates and give an incentive to the full use of the water power resources of the basin and region. 5. Land Treatment Program To Be Included in Development The Problem Recommendation of erosion control measures, forestry activities, and related land treatment meas- ures essential to complete water resources develop- ment of the Connecticut Basin. The Situation Watershed lands must be managed properly and protected to obtain the most stable stream flow and to extend the life of stream channel facilities. Proper watershed treatment also is necessary to con- |