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Show Corps of Engineers and the Fish and Wildlife Serv- ice in cooperation with States. An extensive trans- planting and hatchery program was completed in connection with the construction of Grand Coulee Dam. Construction of fish elevators and fish ladders at dams and the provision of some fish protective screens have been completed. The cost of these facilities has been about 11 million dollars. Some major lower river dams have been postponed to give more time for research on this problem. The Fish and Wildlife Service and the various States also have an extensive system of wildlife refuges. At present, the Fish and Wildlife Serv- ice has within the basin 14 refuges totaling 316,644 acres. They have been developed primarily for waterfowl conservation, but several were estab- lished for other purposes. The States, under the Pittman-Robertson Act,4 also have a program of land purchase and leasing under way. Multiple-Purpose Aspects of Existing Facilities Multiple-purpose projects are not essential to a multiple-purpose program. Such a program can be effectuated through a series of single-purpose projects. Most existing facilities, as developed, for the use or control of water in the Columbia River Basin are single-purpose structures. In fact, of the Federal projects now in existence, only 10 are multiple-purpose projects. These are: * Act of September 2, 1937, 50 Stat. 917, as amended, 16 U. S. C. 669-669J. Flood control and potential irrigation: 1. Mill Creek Dam and Reservoir. Irrigation, navigation, flood control, and recreation: 2. Cottage Grove Dam] The Willamette and 3. DorenaDam Coast Fork Wil- 4. Fern Ridge Dam j lamette Rivers. Power production and navigation benefits: 5. Bonneville Dam and locks. Irrigation and power production: 6. Deschutes Project, Oregon. 7. Minidoka Project, Idaho (Snake River). 8. Boise Project, Idaho. 9. Flathead Project, Montana (Indian Service). Power production and potential irrigation: 10. Grand Coulee Dam and Reservoir.5 All other facilities in the basin, public or private, are single-purpose developments, i. e., they serve power, irrigation, flood control, or some other single function. However, each of these multiple-purpose projects and the much longer list of single-purpose projects, both public and private, can be integrated into a comprehensive, multiple-purpose program designed to realize a variety, if not all, of the potentialities of the use and control of the water resources of the Columbia River Basin. These programs of addi- tional improvements are the subject of the fol- lowing chapter. ' Grand Coulee is an existing development, and is planned eventually to serve irrigation, flood control, power production, and recreation purposes. At present, although limited use of reservoir is made for flood control and navigation, the only major function served is power production. Modification of existing outlets will con- vert the reservoir into a very useful part of the flood control system. 15 |
