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Show Respiratory Constraints on Song Production Emily Plummtr (Franz Goller) ot Biology g l-s a complex behavior 1 hat It used foi terrkorlalrty and mate attraction, and Is therefore choughc 1o fcs a ^xually alerted era rl_ Bees use females may|udge s male^ Witness by fc sung, It It 1 hemg hi 1 hat 1 he song conveys such Information aboul 1 he sendei lkho\jahliccieitkin>*ri atom which song zliaractenstlcs ooMaln Information aboul 1he sendee's fitness songs of many socles display lemarkably respkatocy paccerni Indlvrfiial song syfebles rary siisslant4ally in du ratbn and req ul red uolume oFalrF ng chai l he availabfe volume of air It a vei y im pcMtant component to song performance. 11 r unknown vitiether bkit opeialE-a* che llmh ofthel r air luppHy for song We recorded subsynr^eal air &ac pressuren 1 rac heal airflow, and acouHlci to Investigate resplratiry constrained of tong in rna fe zefcfa finchet (Taenlopygla g u11ata? V*' sub|ected Hrds to a 1 Sfcoxftjen efirfronment and IwJuced chem co E-in^p. I n a relaied exioerlmenc, we reduced cheamc-unc of air In the respiratory tywemb^ replacing ri in various air tact with denial impiesslon medium In che 12^ oxygen end ronmenc, the bird rsabfe toil ng ncimalsong Wrlh br^e Injections Into poHertoMharKk air sacs, we rind a substantial reduction In air sac pressure during sorvp. which It accompanied by reduced sound amplhude TheaoMistk stiu3ire of bng sorg s-yllablet ar>d Inspirator^ tyllabfet wbs ahered Similar m|ec1 ens nco the anterior thoracic air sacs do not cause chese changes. Theresuks from lhe reduced oxygen atmosphere nd cate chai d u rl ng sonc> zebra finches do not operaie at a gas exc hange limn: The mjecittn experiments show Itiat air volume It crrlK^I tar singing a loud song However, birds did not trurrace bng syl tablet when che ava* able volu me of air was reduced su^estlng thac che h Kphly Mereocyoed sorg mocor program b used even under rhe exFHrlmental fr man ipu^red conolttorks. |