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Show 579 United States be made "unless the same is authorized by law or is under an appropriation adequate to its fulfillment." 456 Likewise, no contract for a public improvement may be made "which shall bind the Government to pay a larger sum of money than the amount in the Treasury appropriated for the specific purpose." 4B7 Furthermore, except as otherwise provided by law, "all bal- ances of appropriations contained in the annual appropriation bills and made specifically for the service of any fiscal year, and remaining unexpended at the expiration of such fiscal year, shall only be applied to the payment of expenses properly in- curred during that year, or to the fulfillment of contracts prop- erly made within that year." ^ Sums appropriated for "expenditure in the public service shall be applied solely to the objects for which they are respectively made, and for no others," except as otherwise provided by law.459 With the same exception, "no advance of public money shall be made in any case unless authorized by the appropriation concerned or other law."4eo In all cases of contracts for the performance of any service, or the delivery of articles of any description, "payment shall not exceed the v^lue of the service rendered, or of the articles delivered previously to such pay- ment." ^ Nor may any federal department or officer "accept voluntary service for the Government or employ personal serv- ice in excess of that authorized by law," except in specified emergencies.482 488 R. S. § 3732, from Act of March 2, 1861, § 10, 12 Stat. 214, 220, as amended, 41 U. S. C. 11, with an exception not pertinent here. 4ST R. S. § 3733, from Act of July 25,1868, § 3,15 Stat. 171,177, 41 U. S. C. 12. 488 B. S. § 3690, from Act of July 12,1870, § 5, 16 Stat. 230, 251, 31 U. S. C. 712. Balances not needed for the specified purposes are carried over to the surplus fund, and "permanent or indefinite appropriations" are exempted. 459 R. S. § 3678, from Act of March 3,1809, § 1, 2 Stat. 535; Act of February 12,1868, § 2,15 Stat. 35, 36, 31 U. S. C. 628. 460 R. S. § 3648, from Act of January 31,1823, § 1, 3 Stat. 723, as amended, 31 U. S. O. 529. 481 Id. 462 R. S. § 3679, from Act of July 12,1870, § 7,16 Stat. 230, 251, as amended, 31 U. S. O. 665. |