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Show 483 should be given to the river system as a whole in planning its development for navigation, flood control, and power.432 On the other hand, a bill creating a federal corporation to produce and sell fertilizer and power, and authorizing a dam on Cove Creek, now Norris Dam, was passed by Congress in 1928 but was pocket-vetoed by President Coolidge.438 A similar bill was vetoed by President Hoover on March 3, 1931.434 Meanwhile, an exhaustive study over a five-year period had led to authorization of a project in the 1930 River and Harbor Act looking to a nine-foot channel to be obtained by building either 32 low dams or seven high dams.435 The report recom- mended the low dams with a proviso that a high dam under a Federal Power Commission license could be substituted for any two or more low dams.436 In such case, the United States should contribute to the cost of the nonfederal high dam the amount which the replaced navigation works would have cost. The Act directed the Chief of Engineers to ascertain the pros- pective cooperation in such construction of the high dams by "responsible interests."4S7 He later reported that no definite assurance of early cooperation had been received.488 In 1933, President Roosevelt recommended legislation to create a Tennessee Valley Authority as a corporation:489 483 Sen. Rep. No. 678, 68th Cong., 1st sess., pp. 8-9 (1924) ; Sen. Rep. No. 831, pp. 32-33. See Sen. Doc. No. 56, 76th Cong., 1st sess., pp. 13-14 (1939). 438 Sen. J. Res. 46, 70th Cong., 1st sess. (1928) ; H. Rep. No. 1095, 70th Cong., 1st sess., pp. IS (1928); Sen. Doc. No. 56, p. 14. 484Sen. J. Res. 49, 71st Cong., 3d sess.; Sen. Doc. No. 321, 71st Cong., 3d sess. (1931). 486 H. Doc. No. 328, 71st Cong., 2d sess. (1930) ; Act of July 3, 1930, § 1, 46 Stat. 918, 927-928. 488 H. Doc. No. 328, pp. 6-7. 4W § 1, 46 Stat. 928. 438 H. Doc. No. 131, 72d Cong., 1st sess., p. 2 (1931). For a discussion of the effect of the TVA Act on congressional authorization of this project, see Tennessee Electric Power Co. v. Tennessee Valley Authority, 21 F. Supp. 947, 953 (D. C. Tenn. 1938) affirmed, 306 U. S. 118 (1939). 480 H. Doc. No. 15, 73d Cong., 1st sess. (1933). The President also said, "It is clear that the Muscle Shoals development is but a small part of the potential public usefulness of the entire Tennessee River. Such use, if envisioned in its entirety, transcends mere power development: it enters the wide fields of flood control, soil erosion, afforestation, elimination from agri- cultural use of marginal lands, and distribution and diversification of in- |