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Show 526 elapsed since submission of a survey report on the project.174 With respect to navigation and flood-control projects, Congress in 1946 declared its policy that no project or "any modification not authorized" shall be authorized by Congress unless a report has been previously submitted in conformity with law.175 The use of the phrase, "any modification not authorized," appar- ently reflects an intention not "to interfere with discretionary authority to modify projects as conferred on" the Secretary of the Army and the Chief of Engineers.176 No provisions cor- responding with the foregoing have been enacted in the case of projects of other types, but individualized project authoriza- tion is not contemplated by statutes governing certain other cases, such as Reclamation projects. Navigation and Flood-Control Projects.-As we have pre- viously outlined in detail, it is generally required by statute that examinations and surveys for navigation and flood-control projects, as well as the projects themselves, may not be under- taken unless specifically authorized by Congress.177 General congressional practice has long been to authorize such activity in omnibus acts containing a substantial number of projects.178 In addition to the limitations imposed by the sheer number of projects thus simultaneously considered, the general rule re- quiring individualized authorization has been modified by a number of statutes in the nature of continuing authorizations, several permitting varying degrees of discretion in the use of funds for specified types of work.179 174 Act of September 22, 1922, § 9, 42 Stat. 1038, 1043, 33 U. S. O. 568. 175 Act of July 24,1946, § 2, 60 Stat. 641, 33 U. S. C. 701o. 179 Sen. Rep. No. 1624, 79th Cong., 2d sess., p. 1 (1946). 177 See supra, pp. 91-92, 100, 134,136. 178 See, e. g., Act of May 20,1826, 4 Stat. 175; Act of December 22, 1944, 58 Stat. 887; Act of March 2,1945, 59 Stat. 10; Act of May 17,1950, 64 Stat. 163. See also supra, pp. 101-104,136-141. 179 The general rule requiring individualized authorization does not apply in the case of operation and maintenance. As to flood-control projects, express provision of statute authorizes "all appropriations" necessary for their operation and maintenance. Act of August 18,1941, § 10, 55 Stat. 638, 651, 33 U. S. C. 701f-l note following. While there is no corresponding statutory provision applying to navigation projects, annual lump-sum appropriations are made "For the preservation |