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Show 583 ous operation.477 No comparable situation exists under other statutes whereby nearly all other federal power-marketing responsibilities are vested in the Secretary of the Interior.478 Operation and Maintenance.-It has previously been pointed out that Congress has generally authorized appropriations for operation and maintenance in the case of flood-con- trol and irrigation projects, but not in the case of navigation projects.479 In both cases, appropriations must be made. Significant variations exist in the manner in which funds are appropriated by Congress for operation and maintenance of water-resource projects and activities. The General Appro- priation Act, 1951, will serve to illustrate. In the case of navi- gation projects, provision is made jointly for the "preservation and maintenance" along with the "prosecution" of authorized projects.480 A similar item for flood control lumps "construc- tion and maintenance." 481 And in the case of TVA, a lump sum is made available for "carrying out the provisions of the Tennessee Valley Authority Act."482 The items for construc- tion are separate from items for operation and maintenance in the case of the Bureau of Reclamation, the Bonneville Power Administration, and the Southwestern Power Adminis- tration.488 The lesser flexibility afforded under the latter type appropriation is apparent from the general requirement of law that sums must be applied "solely to the objects for which they are respectively made, and for no others."484 Reference should be made here to the "special fund," derived from charges collected from Federal Power Commission licensees, which is available to the Secretary of the Army in the "maintenance and operation" of federal navigation structures or in the construction, "maintenance, or operation" of head- mId. 478 See supra, pp. 293-300. 479 See supra, pp. 564-565. 480 Act of September 6,1950, ch. IX, 64 Stat. 595, -. 481 Ch. IV, 64 Stat. -. 488 Ch. VIII, title I, 64 Stat -. 483 Oh. VII, title I, 64 Stat. -, -, -. 484 E. S. § 3678, from Act of March 3, 1809, § 1, 2 Stat. 535, as amended, 31 U. S. C. 628. |