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Show 352 lands, and to enable federal acquisition of nonfederal lands for proprietary and remedial management. These laws are the cumulative result of an evolutionary de- velopment for over a half century.2 At the outset, we shall note an 1893 statute which stands apart from all the others in that it applies mandatory restrictions as to specified uses of certain nonfederal lands. Apart from this enactment, federal land-use legislation until the early thirties was concerned almost entirely with forest lands, and principally with forest lands of the United States. Beginning in 1891, Congress took positive action to protect forest lands in the public domain, an action much later extended to other public-domain lands. Other early legislation relevant here concerns national parks and Indian lands. Also important are the direct ties between land and water established early in reclamation legislation, pre- viously considered.8 During the period between 1933 and 1938, however, Congress adopted a number of laws marking a sharp turn in federal in- terest in use of land as related to water-resource objectives. Many of these measures were initially directed toward relief of unemployment and remedy of social conditions. But they also sought proper land use with corresponding benefits to water resources.4 In addition, most of these statutes were designed to apply to nonfederal lands as well as to lands of the United States. Some launched programs for federal acquisition of lands and their proprietary management, with varying arrange- ments for return to private use. A number of them treat land and water resources jointly and inseparably. Among the pro- grams initiated during this period, we shall consider the TVA * See generally: United States Department of Agriculture Teas Book, pp. 403-404 (1940) ; Gaus-Wolcott, Public Administration and the United States Department op Agriculture, p. 25 et seg. (1940) ; Van Hise, The) Conservation of Natural Resources in the United States, p. 214 (1910) ; American Conservation, The American Forestry Association, pp. 46-53, 130-131 (1941) ; Gustafson, Guise, Hamilton, andRies, Conservation in the United States, pp. 249-271 (1949). 1 See supra, pp. 151-258. * Gaus-Wolcott, Public Administration and the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture, pp. 142-144 (1940). |