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Show EH Oo hace ee ee eee of +o 0 ~ ©8 ~ ot Oe ee <3°5 ed ry 7 * - re hn ed ee Pees a Co pall t.* * ee ae a hind ial aa et ee ee ee Piet ot Por Gh Pe a2 - Ca eee ee ae per ee ye pe ee m2 ee re 2 4 Pere . . ee fe tek (ea ee Ce *—# al TERRITORY OF Riley on the Arkansas THE REPUBLIC OF MEXICO 21 was one of constant and serio us danger. Hardly a day was passed without his being subjected to some annoyance from bands of hostile India ns who seemed resolved to check all further concourse of the whites upon the great plains, and fearful of the terrible extremes to which their excesses might be carried, the traders continued to unite in single caravans for mutual protection for many years afterward. Major Riley remained in this vicinity until October, when he met the returning caravan which was escorted as far as the Arkansas by Mexican troops under command of Colonel Visearra. Two or three days prior to the arriva l, at the Arkan sas, of the caravan escorted by Colonel Visea rra,° the latter had been visited by several hundreds of Arapahos 2! and Comanches, who were on ; 20 Cooke, Gen. Philip St. George, Scenes and Adventures in the Army, 4-88, pp. 21 Mooney, J ames, in Handbook of Ameri can Indians, vol. ‘*An ins tribe of the ly associated with the Cheyennes for at least a They call themselves Inufiaina, about the equivalent to ‘our people The name by which they are known is of uncertain derivation, .’ but it may possibly be, as Dubar commonly from the Pawnee tirapahu or suggests, larapi By the Sioux and €nne they are called ‘Blue-sky men’ hu, ‘trader.’ or ‘Cloud men,’ the reason for Chey18 unknown. which According to the tradition of the Arapaho they were once a sedentary, agricultural] people, living far to the north-east of their more recent habitat, apparently about the Red river valley of north Minnesota. Point they moved South-west From this across the Missouri, apparently about the time that the Cheyenne moved out of Minnesota, although the date of the forma- ent The alliance between th moved off toward the north after their division into northern and souther n Arapaho staphic, and made emergence is largely into geo- permanent by the placing The northern Arapaho, in Wyominofg, the two bands on different are considered the nucleus or mother tribe and retain the sacred reservations. One ear of corn and a the head tribal articles, namely, turtle a tubular pipe, figurine, all of stone. Since Missouri the drift of the Arapaho crossed the , as of the Cheyenne and they West and south, the norther Sioux, has been n Arapaho making mountains about Continued down toward of the North the Arkansas. Platte, About lodges on the edge of the while the southern Arapaho the year 1840 they made peace with the Sioux, Kiowa Comanche, but were always at Shoshoni, Ute and Pawneeand until war with the they were confined upon reservat ions, while 8enerally maintaining a friendly attitude toward the whites. By of Medicine Lodge, in 1867, the the treaty southern Arapaho, together with the southern t cyenne, were placed upon a reservation in Oklahom a, : White settlement which was thrown open in 1892, the Indians at the same time receiving allotments o Severalty, with the rights of American hee assigned The northern Arapaho to their present reservation oncitizenship. Wind River in Wyoming in 1876, — having peace hereditary we the Samemade the Shoshoni, reservation. withThetheir Atsina division, enemies, usually regarded as aliving dist tribe, is associated with the Assinbo ine on Fort Belknap reservation in |
