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Show TERRITORY OF NEW MEXICO 289 The survey of the boundary line between the United States and Mexico was begun prior to 1850. John B. Weller was the first commissioner, and the survey began in the west THE BOUNDARY SURVEY in June, 1849. John C. Fremont was named as the successor of Weller, but he resigned, and John R. Bartlett was appointed in June, 1850. Bartlett arrived at Hl Paso in November, 1850, having crossed the state of Texas from the coast. The Mexican commissioner was General Pedro Garcia Conde. Active operations in the field began in 1851, the headquarters of the American party being at the Santa Rita copper mines for several months. In less than a year nearly all of the boundary, so far as the southern line of New Mexico is concerned, had been surveyed.?1* After the arrival of Mr. Bartlett at the copSanta Fé, in the Mora Valley. It was an open post, without either stockades or breast works, and had somewhat the appearance of a frontier village. It was laid out with broad, straight streets crossing each other at right angles. The houses were built of logs, and the quarters of officers and men were good. Other posts occupation the American during built period by and Colonel Sumner while he was commanding the department, and by his successors, were: Fort Conrad, later called Fort Craig; Fort Fillmore, below Las Cruces; Rayado, in the present Colfax county, forty miles from Taos; Abiquiu, on the Chama river; at Los Lunas; and Fort Massachusetts, near where Fort Garland was afterward built; Cantonment Burgwin, near Taos; Fort Marcy — Santa Fé, and Alburquerque ; Fort Wingate, old Fort Wingate; Fort Fauntleroy; Fort Stanton, Fort Sumner, on the Pecos, at Bosque Redondo; Paso ; Fort West, at Pinos Altos; Rita, Fort Bliss, near El Fort Webster, near the copper mines at Santa Fort Cummings, Fort Thorne, and Fort Bascom were other posts. Was also a garrison at Socorro at one period, and There at Cebolleta. *18 Bancroft, H. H., History of Arizona and New Mexico, pp. 469-470, says: By the terms of the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo of 1848, the line was to follow - Rio Grande up ‘‘to the point where it strikes the southern boundary of New Mexico ; thence westward along the whole southern boundary of New Mexico (which runs north of the town called Paso) to its western termination; thence northward along the western line of New Mexico until it intersects the first branch of the river Gila overs then an direct ao i p. to the point (or if it should on line to the same); said line not nearest intersect to such any branch branch, and of that thence thence down the middle of said branch and said until it empties into the Rio Colorado.’’? ae indeed been somewhat indefinitely "880, leaving that town a the in Chihuahua; The southern boundary of New fixed at one point as just above but I have found no evidence that There had ever been fixed at all or even thought of. — been,boundary at a iMlave however, a kind of tacit agreement, as being a matter of no pracae etalon that the line between Chihuahua and Sonora, that is, a line be- if equit ut - and Fronteras in about longitude 108° 30’ extended northward inand in In no other sense had New Mexico a western boundary, the line adopted. ad the treaty gone no further, this should have been ¢ treaty contained an additional provision that ‘‘the southern and western |