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Show 292 LEADING FACTS OF NEW MEXICAN HISTORY TERRITORY vored the establishment of a penitentiary, a system of public schools, laws providing for the organization of the militia and informed the representatives of the people of his acts in making a treaty of peace with the Navajés. In the matter of treating with the Indians there was but one opinion, so far as the legislature was concerned, and that was voiced by a resolution offered by Theodore Wheaton, speaker of the house of representatives, in which it was declared that ‘‘any peace made with the Navajé Indians without an entire restitution of all Mexicans held by them in a state of slavery and also of all prop: erty taken by them from the citizens of the territory within the last five years, or its equivalent, together with at least fifty hostages of the principal Indians of the nation, as guarantees for the observance of the treaty, would be not only futile and impolitic, but contrary to the principles of humanity and the best interests of the territory.” Governor Calhoun had been notified by General Pino of serious depredations by Indians in the south and during the session in December, Robert T. Brent, a member of the legislature from Santa Fé, while crossing the Jornada del Muerto was cruelly murdered and scalped by the Apaches. This news brought out a vigorous resolution from the house of representatives wherein it was declared that “since the entrance of the American army under General Kearny this Territory has been a continual scene of outrage, robbery and violence carried on by the savage nations by which it is surrounded; that citizens daily are massacred, stock stolen, our wives and daugh- ters violated and our children carried into captivity.’’? The dele- gate In congress was asked to secure the passage of an act requiring the organization of at least two regiments of volunteers, to be armed, equipped, Subsisted and paid by the general government. The legislature also desired the building of arsenals and presidios at various points on the frontier. At this very time Colonel Sumner, the military commander of the department, was reporting that the Indians were —host — quiet.*7 The body of Brent was brought to Santa Fé impossible to understand radical differences in opinion as @ by18 various authorities on this thesubject. Mr. Bartlett, who was at the of Santa Rita about this time, says that ‘‘no one could vo That " safety, miles from the settlements’? on account of the Indians. 9 s <<¢ Pheer the three largest and most widely spread tribes, the Comanches — as actively hostile to the Americans and the Mexicans 4 were they . etd. the country occupied by them became a part of the bert atrocities, dyna Periodthan have the present ineursions been more frequent, or attended with grea at the time’’ [1852] OF NEW MEXICO 293 at the expense of the territory. Governor Calhoun in a message to the legislature stated that he had made arrangements to meet certain Navajé chiefs at Santa Fé; that the Indians were told that it was the intention of the governor to have them murdered, and on this account only two came to see him, the others remaining beyond the pueblo of Jemez. The governor was of the opinion that had it not been for this false statement made to the Indians by interested parties, every captive would have been released, and that it was his intention to lay the matter before the court, so that the parties, Whose names he had, might be prosecuted for treason! At the December session of the legislature the territory was divided into nine counties — Taos, Rio Arriba, Santa Fé, San Miguel, Santa Ana, Bernalillo, Valencia, Socorro, and Doiia Ana — With names and boundaries substantially as in earlier times. The county seat of Valencia was located at Tomé, that of Rio Arriba at Chamita, and Santa Ana at Pefia Blanca. Justices’ courts were established, When Governor Calhoun left the territory for the east, John Greiner, afterwards appointed secretary, was placed in charge of civil and Indian affairs by Governor Calhoun. ADMINISTRATION OF WILLIAM CARR LANE As we have seen, the governor died while on his journey and Greiner remained at the head of affairs until the Very shortly after a Over the southern boundary line in mation was issued by Governor Lane who arrival of Governor Wilhis arrival a controversy regard to which a proclaclaimed that New Mexico over the Mesilla valley.219 There was much popular liam Carr Lane.218 had jurisdiction —C Governor Lane was a native of Fayette county, Pennsylv ania, having been iy December 1, ¥790°° iw was GF English ancestry. He received his educaat Jefferson and Dickinson colleges. In 1813 he visited the northwest get Sona the ae He was a surgeon in the army of the United States. In 1818 he to Miss Mary Ewing, daughter of Nathaniel Ewing, of Vincennes, came to and army, the in commission this time he resigned his hi ss of St. Louis. He was the first quartermaster-general of the state of iislate. and the first mayor of the city of St. Louis. He served in the state Mieiea and was a member of the faculty of Kemper college. He was ap219 peo vernor of New Mexico by President Millard Fillmore. ° ot H. H., History of Arizona and New Mezico, says, p. 652: On the sarees States and Mexican commissioners agreed upon an initial point Before this agreeMent, it '0 Grande, which gave the Mesilla Valley to Mexico. entered pePearm that a few settlers from Dofia Ana, a little farther north, had : ener 5 and after it a Chihuahua colony under Rafael Ruelas had Colonize °d the district in 1849-1850 as Mexican soil. While I find no evidence, as |