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Show 300 LEADING FACTS OF NEW MEXICAN TERRITORY HISTORY finally defeated in a decisive campaign by Colonel Fauntleroy, ending in May, 1855. The northern part of New Mexico, outside of the Navaj6 country was overrun with the Utes and Jicarillas. The Jicarilla country was properly east of the Rio Grande, and the Mohuache Utes also claimed this section as their home, the agency for both tribes being at Taos, and later at Cimarron, on the ranch of Lucien B. Maxwell. The Ute country was west of the river, stretching northwestward into Colorado and Utah, where most of the tribe lived, and the agency for those Utes who roamed in northwestern New Mexico was situated at Abiquiu. The Utes and Jicarillas were in a way related by marriage and were naturally averse to restraint of any kind. The Utes were brave, war-like, better armed than the other tribes, and were skilful hunters; bold in the assertion of their rights to the broad tract over which they ranged, wholly opposed to farming or reservation life, they were willing to be friendly and abstain from depredations if liberally supphed with food. Their ideal was to retain their hunting grounds, periodically visiting an agency to receive their gifts, which must not be less than other tribes received —and having free access to the settlements, where whiskey could be procured. The Jicarillas were equally fond of whiskey, somewhat more treacherous and cruel, less brave and energetic as warriors and hunters, making pottery, and farming sometimes on a smal] scale, and regarding theft as a natural means of supporting themselves, if no easier way could be found. A large reservation could lead an easy, vagabond, them well enough.224 Merriwether’s administration, be put on a reservation near the drunken settlements, life would where have they pleased congress asking that the Jicarillas H. Weightman, who was elected 0 ‘A oTess In that year; John Greiner, who was stationed at Taos for a time; Sb sageae R. Wooley and E. H. Wingfield, who was dismissed in 1853. In 1852 ar Steck and S. M. Baird were appointed and the following year, Kit ree Ae Dodge, J. M. Smith and E. A. Graves inwere appointed. In 185456 Lorenzo Labadie and 8. H. Montgomery were named. Agents at later tity prior to the Civil War, were A. G. Mayers, W. R. Harley, S. F. Ket a , Viego Archuleta, S. M, Yost, R. S. Cowart, and J. Walker. Also John . as - A. Manzanares, and Fernando Maxwell. ae ; 8S. ih Doc., doth cong., Ist sess. H. Hx. Doe. xi, p. 82. The New Sams egisiature was continuall pe : © y memorializing congress and it was alway® out that the Indians were worse and the people less protected than when came, Americans and that this occurred although there was a large @© MEXICO 301 There were very few years in which these tribes were not committing ravages of some sort. In these years battles, actions, engagements, and skirmishes with these Indians were numerous and give some idea of the condition of affairs existing at that time in southern New Mexico. In addition to the list given in the note there were many other engagements fought within the boundary of Texas and in the present limits of the territory of Arizona.?° penditure of money in the maintenance much truth there may have been of the military establishment. in these reports we Just how can not say — but the situation was bad enough. The constant ery for regiments of volunteers, however, seems to be accounted for by a desire on the part of large numbers of New Mexicans to secure easy and profitable employment with the government as payMasters. “°° 1850, fight on the Jornada del Muerto, detachment of Troop H, Ist dragoons, February 2d. 1852, January 24-February 19th, near Laguna on the Jornada del Muerto, Troops D, E and K, 2d dragoons; February 6th, near Ft. Webster, N. M., K Company, 3d infantry. 1855, White mountains, Troop H, 1st dragoons, January 15th; Pefiasco river, near White mountains, January 19th, Troop B, 1st dragoons; March 19th, Cochotope Pass, Chowatch valley, - M., Troops D and F, 1st dragoons and D company, 2d artillery; May Chowatch N. valley, Troop D, Ist Companies B and M., dragoons D and mountains, N. M., detachment “ompany, Ist dragoons. pany G mounted mounted riflemen ; May infantry; November © mounted 20th, 29th, March March 30th, Sacra- riflemen and G 1857, March 9, Mimbres mountains, Detachment Com- riflemen; riflemen; mounted I, 3d of Company 1-2, 2d artillery; company, 1856, une 13th, on Pecos river, Company I, 5th infantry. Almagre mountains, N. M., Companies B and I, 3d infantry; mento mountains, The Indian agents serving during this period, in addition to the superintendent — the gover—nor were in 1851: R. NEW During nearly all of Governor Merriwether’s administration the Apaches were giving trouble in the southern and southeastern portions of the territory. The bands THE APACHES IN NEW MEXICO causing most of the trouble were the Mescaleros on the east, between the Pecos and the Rio Grande, and the Mimbres and Mogollones, sometimes called the Gila Apaches, and the Navajés on the west. Altogether there were four or five thousand of these marauding savages. Mimbres memorialized OF March 24th, Company B 11th, Ojo del Muerto, Mogollon and mountains, detachment of detachment Companies Company E, Company C, D, 3d B and I, infantry. June 27th, Gila river, Companies B and G, Ist dragoons; B, G, and K, mounted riflemen; Company C and detachments F and K, 3d infantry; Companies B, H, and I, 8th infantry; December 7th, Ladrones mountains, detachment Company F. mounted riflemen ; December 13th, Dragoon Springs, detachment Company » Mounted riflemen. 1858, March 11, Huachuea mountains, detachment ComFeny G;* 1st dragoons; May 30. near Ft. Defiance, detachment Company I, aed riflemen ; Companies B and G, 3d infantry; August 29th, Bear Springs, September 9th to 15th, Laguna Company I, mounted riflemen. detachment, Chusea and Vicinity, Companies A, F, H, and I, mounted riflemen ; Companies a 1859, C, 3d infantry. January *bruary 25, 8th, Dog November Whetstone Canyon, 9th, Springs, Carrizozo, detachment Sacramento mountains, Company Company F, D, detachment 3d 1st infantry. dragoons; Company D, |