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Show INDIAN CHAPTER INDIAN CamMPaIGNs—ARMy X Posts—Mmirary CoMMANDERS—THE APACHE AND NavaJ6 INpIANS—BosquE REDONDO—COMANCHES, ApacHEs, UtEes, AND PursLoS— THE RESERVATIONS — Victorio’s Rais — Geronimo — His Rams AND CaPTURE — GENERAL NELSoN A. Mines — 1864-1887 HE Confederate invasion under General Sibley made the withdrawal of all regular troops from the Indian country imperatively necessary and the New Mexican settlements were left exposed to the unrestrained depredations of the Apaches and Navajés. In the south, in the neighborhood of Fort Stanton, the ranches were entirely abandoned. Many natives were killed, their ranches destroyed, and the stock driven off by the murderous savage. The miners in the country were forced from the mining camps and many As we were slain. have seen, Brigadier-General James H. Carleton °** re- 8538 Brevet Major-General James H. Carleton was appointed second lieutenant, Ist U. S. dragoons, October 18, 1839; promoted to first lieutenant, March 17, 1845; captain, February 16, 1847; breveted major, February 23, 1847, for gallant and meritorious conduct at Buena Vista, Mexico; major 6th U. 8. cavalry, September 7, 1861; commissioned colonel 1st California volunteer infantry and recognized as of that grade from August 7, 1861. He was appointed brigadier-general of the U. 8. volunteers April 28, 1862; breveted lieutenant-colonel and colonel U. 8. A., March 13, 1865, for meritor1ous services in New Mexico; breveted brigadier-general U. S. A., on same day for gallant services in the northwest and also breveted major-general U. S. volunteers for meritorious services during the war. Mustered out of volunteer service, April 30, 1866; lieutenant-colonel 4th U. S. cavalry July 31, 1866. Until September 12, 1865, he was in command of the department of New Mexico; thence to April 30, 1866, in command of the district of New Mexico. He was born in Eastport, Maine, and died January 7, 1873. General Carleton served in New Mexico prior to the Civil War as a captain, with his regiment, during the years 1855, 1856, and 1857. His record is one of the best of the ‘‘old army’’ and ante-bellum days. ; The officers commanding the department, or the district, of New Mexico, succeeding General Carleton were General George Sykes, 1867; General George W. Getty, 1867-71; General Gordon Granger, 1871-3 and 1875-6; General J. I. CAMPAIGNS 429 lieved Colonel Canby of the command of the departm ent September 18, 1862, and during the ensuing four years conduct ed military operations in New Mexico and Arizona. Carleton’s first movement was against the Mescalero Apaches, against whom he sent Colonel Christopher Carson with five companies of New Mexican volunteers. His orders were to slay the men without parleying and bring in the women and children as prisoners. ‘‘For the first time,’ says Bancroft, ‘‘a definite policy was adopted. Carleton’s idea, and a very sensible one, was to chastise the savages thoroughly, and show them that there was to be no more trifling. No treaties were to be made, and no terms accepted except unconditional surrender as prisoners of war.’’ Carson’s first conflict was with a band of Mescaleros. Two of their principal chiefs, José Largo and Manuelito, were killed, beside a number of warriors. The Indians soon discovered that a vigorous war was in store for them and their chieftains went to Santa Fé with their agent, to sue for peace. The terms required of them were accepted. They were removed to Fort Sumner and the Bosque Redondo, on the Pecos river, while a constant warfare was kept up upon the hostiles who refused to come in. about four hundred Mescaleros By the spring of 1863 had submitted, and were living in Peace at the Bosque, while the other bands had been forced to suspend their raids, Fort West, at Pinos Altos, having been garrisoned.354 Gregg, 1873-4 ; General Thomas C. Devin, 1874-5; Colonel James F. Wade, 1876; General Edward Hatch, 1876-81; General Luther P. Bradley, 1881; General 1884-6; R. S. Mackensie, 1881-3; General Stanley, 1883-4; General Bradley, General Swayne, 1885; General Grierson, 1886-8; General Eugene A. Carr, 1888-90; Colonel Pearson, 1890-94. 854 Fort Craig, below San Marcial, on the Jornada del Muerto was strength- ened in the beginning of 1863. An expedition was sent against the Gila Apaches, who were fiercely raiding the ranches and ruining settlements at the head of the Mimbres river ous Indian, was captured and the Pinos Altos. Mangas Coloradas, a notoriThe next day, and brought into Fort McLeod. while attempting to escape, he was killed by the guard. the Pinos Altos whom, mines resulted including the wife in the of Mangas, fornia volunteers, who were the Soon after, following a trail of loss of forty-seven were wounded. Two engagements The Indians, sixteen Ist cavalry, at of Cali- troops chiefly engaged in the Gila country, Apache warriors for seventy-five miles, dis- About sixty men dismounted and surrounded the camp, covered their camp. While the rest of the men made a charge upon it. The Apaches were completely Touted, some horses were captured which had been run off from Fort On their return from this engageest, and twenty-five warriors were killed. ment, they were attacked by the Indians a canyon, and again the soldiers turned the tide against the savages, even in climbing, one over the other, the |