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Show 446 LEADING FACTS OF General Miles was tendered a The people of New Mexico and some sword. The Damascus sapphire were the only parts of gold. The presentation NEW MEXICAN HISTORY INDIAN banquet and reception at Santa F%. Arizona presented him with a handblade, grip, and large India star the sword and scabbard not made of occurred at Tucson, Arizona, at a banquet given in honor of General Miles in 1887. In this effective manner the Chiricahuas, the worst of all the Apache tribes, were not only subdued but removed from the country. This policy of removal, so strongly urged by General Miles, was, as usual, condemned by the friends of the Indians in the east. The people of New Mexico, however, whose friends and property had been ruthlessly destroyed by these savage marauders, demanded that Geronimo, Natchez, Chato, and other chiefs be delivered to the civil authorities, for trial and punishment on charges of murder. The policy of expatriation, however, recommended and earried out by General Miles, was confirmed, and peace restored to the people of New Mexico and Arizona.?° In the year 1870 the Jicarilla Apaches, from 750 to 950 in number, and three bands of Utes, numbering from 1,500 to 1,800, lived on what is known as the Maxwell grant JICARILLA APACHES AND UTES in the northern part of New Mexico, with agencies at Cimarron, east of the Rio Grande, and at Abiquid, or finally at Tierra Amarilla, in the west. The sale of the grant necessitated their removal. In 1872 and again in 1878 an attempt was made to remove them south to Fort moval to the Indian Territory, where they were placed under charge of Colonel Scott, one of the best officers in the service, changed them from wild savages to peaceful citizens. ’’ _ 386 Credit for the final capture of Geronimo has been given to various officers, including Generals Miles and Lawton. The credit actually belongs to Lieutenant Gatewood of the 6th cavalry, who, with a small detachment, overtook Geronimo and brought him into camp. Gatewood later retired from the army and his home in Denver, Colo. Even in the army proper recognition has seldom made been accorded to him for his success in bringing this old scoundrel in. From the day of his surrender to that of his death at Fort Sill prisoner. Always, until his expiring moments, he hoped to be returnedhe towashis a native mountains in Arizona. At one time, while at Fort Sill, pointing the west, this Apache chief declared, ‘‘ The sun rises and shines for a time, and tothen it goes down, sinks, and 1s lost. So it will be with the Indian. When a boy my father told me that the Indians were as many as the leaves on the trees, and that in the north they had many horses and there they have furs. gone. I never The saw them, white man but I know that if has taken all they had. they were once It will be only a few years when the Indians will be heard of only in the books which the white man writes,’’ CAMPAIGNS 447 Stanton, but most of them were permitted to go to the Tierra Amarilla, on the northern confines of the territory, on a reservation of 900 square miles, set aside in 1874. Their annuities being suspended in 1878, on account of their refusal to move southward in accordance with an act of congress of that year, they resorted to thieving. In 1880 the act of 1878 was repealed and a new reservation was set aside on the Rio Navajé, to which they were removed. Here they In the historical period the various tribes of Pueblo Indians been confined to the area extending from northeastern Arizona Pecos river in New Mexico, and from THE PUEBLO INDIANS in the north to a few miles below El have to the Taos Paso, remained until 1883, when they were transferred to Fort Stanton, but in 1887 were again returned to the reservation set aside for them in the Tierra Amarilla region, by executive order of February 11th of that year, where they have since resided.**7 The Pueblos remain the same peace- Texas. able, inoffensive, industrious, credulous, and superstitious people that they have always been. There has been but small change in their character and primitive manner of living. With the exception of the uprising of 1847, these Indians have given the government 367 The Utes at Abiquit pretended at times a willingness to settle on a reservation in the San Juan valley, but though often recommended by agents. this was not acceptable to the government, It was deemed desirable to move them to a reservation of their tribe in southern Colorado; and in 1868 a treaty was made to that effect; but the Utes refused to go, alleging that the treaty had been fraudulent, and dissatisfied because an agency site had not been chosen on the Los Pinos as promised. By several acts of congress, of 1877-8, and by abolishing the southern agency, they were finally removed to the Colorado reservation in April to July, 1878; and New Mexico was thus rid of them. _ During the period the following were agents for Jicarillas and Mohuache Utes, Levi J. Keithley, Special agent in 1864) ; Lorenzo Labadie, 1865-66, Dennison, 1866-70, W. P. Wilson, 1870, Charles F. was now abolished, but the Indians remained and these Indians in New Mexico: 1864-65 (Ferd. Maxwell was Manuel 8. Salazar, 1866, E. B. Roedel, 1870-72. The agency were in charge of R. H. Long- Well, 1872-73, Thomas A. Dolan, 1873-74, Longwill, 1874, Alex G. Irvine, 1874- 1, John E. Pyle, 1875-76, and B. M. Thomas (Pueblo agent) in 1876 to 1883, when the Indians were finally removed. The agents at Abiquit and Tierra Amarilla (Capote and Payuche Utes, also some Jicarillas at times) were Head or Pfeiffer in 1864-65; Diego Archuleta, 1865-67 (Manuel Garcia, special agent); W. F. M. Arny, 1867-68; James C. French, 1868-69; John Ayres, 1869; J. B. Hanson, 1869-71 (Captain A. S. B. Keyes also named in 1869); John S. Armstrong in 1871-72 (the agency was transferred from Abiquiti to Tierra Amarilla) ; W. S. De Frees, 1872-73; W. D. Crothers, 1873-74 (C. Robbins and F. Salazar also named as being in charge in t Sam A. Russell, 1874-78. The Utes were removed and the agency abolished in 1878, but the remaining Jicarillas were in charge of B. M. Thomas, the Pueblo agent, in 1878-1883. |