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Show sso 438 LEADING FACTS OF NEW ros near Fort In 1873-4 a reservation was made for the Mescale progress was some and control under kept were Stanton and they were constantly made in agriculture and in education, although they and settlers. engaged in feuds with miners, prospectors, stock-raisers, the Mescaleros At the time of the Victorio raids a large number of Since the expatriation of joined in his marauding expeditions. with these Indians, their trouble little very been has there mo Geroni Of all the many . hundred five population at this time being about and Jicarillas ros Meseale the of s remnant only , Apaches tribes of control. perfect under all are now remain in New Mexico and these ed, abandon was o Redond Bosque at tion reserva the when In 1868, the Chiricahua Apaches were removed to the Ojo Caliente reserva These Indians remained here tion in Grant county, New Mexico. until 1877. Victorio, one of the greatest Apache chiefs and remarkable characters in southwestern Indian history, was their leader. Through the influence of settlers and over the remonstrance of the principal officers of the army, the government determined to remove these Indians to the San Carlos reservation in Arizona. took place under military guard. The removal Victorio fled from this reservation twice, only to be driven back by the military. In April, 1879, Victorio took the war-path, having resolved never to give up. In com: pany with less than thirty warriors he left the Mescalero reservation, near Fort Stanton, where he had found refuge for some months. In the fight at the Ojo Caliente reservation he surprised and killed the guards and captured forty-five horses belonging to the 9th cavalry. He was immediately joined by about one hundred and fifty Indians from the reservation and at once commenced the most devastating Indian war of the southwest. The conflict ended with the capture of the successor of Victorio,**® Geronimo, in 1887. INDIAN HISTORY MEXICAN This war resulted in 359 According to Pope’s Report there were no very serious troubles until isolated the fall of 1879, although there were a great many depredations and After the fight at the Ojo Caliente reservation, Colonel Edward murders. Hatch took command, killing about 100 Indians and driving Victorio a Mexico. Victorio crossed the frontier twice and was finally killed in Mexico. _ Vietorio’s raid actually began on the ranch of Patrick Coghlan, at the tame in Dofia Ana county, New Mexico. A remnant of Victorio’s band of Apaches, thirty-seven in number, in 1908, was living in the Republic of Mexico, occupying a narrow canyon in 106 Guadalupe mountains, about twenty miles east of Zaragosa, a station on the These Indians are leading a miserable existence Mexican Central Railroad. and have made overtures several times to be permitted to return to the United States. he When Victorio first left the reservation, in the fight at Ojo Caliente, ATC cA tt CAMPAIGNS ae 439 the murder of one hundred and forty citizens in the counties of Grant, Sierra, and Socorro alone. Victorio was a man past fifty years of age when he began this struggle. He was assisted in the leadership by two great chiefs, Loco and Nané, the latter his son-inlaw. Everywhere pursued by the government mounted forces, still he was able to elude them, meanwhile murdering the settlers and pillaging the ranches of the country. His entire force never exceeded 300 men. Victorio was an intrepid warrior. He attacked, even while pursued by the government troops, wagon trains, ranches, mining camps, and American and Mexican troops. Entirely reckless of the outcome he terrorized large mining camps and successfully eluding killed six of Captain Hooker’s men. Joe Yankie and Nicolas Galles gathered a company and fought the renegades at the place now known as Lake Valley— McEvers’ ranch. The command under Galles lost fourteen men, the loss being much greater by the Indians, the latter being armed with government carbines, while the volunteers had only light Winchester rifles. In December, 1879, J. B. McPhearson and a party of five, who made their homes in Sierra county, learned that Victorio was on the war-path and started out to meet the Apaches who were headed towards the settlements in that locality. They succeeded in killing one Indian, wounding another, and capturing all the horses of the marauding party without loss to themselves. On August 21, 1881, a troop of forty soldiers, accompanied by an equal number of citizens under the leadership of McPhearson, met a body of about ninety lente in Gavalan canyon, where a desperate fight occurred. Lieutenant a George Ww. Daly, manager of the Lake Valley Mining Company, and five of the soldiers were killed, and four others died later of their wounds. The battle continued during the day. The Indians captured all the horses and equipment of the attacking party and probably would have exterminated the whites had not a fresh body of troops come to their relief about nightfall. An incident which created intense excitement throughout the western part i New Mexico in the spring of 1880 was the murder of James C. Cooney and ; number of other miners by a band of Apaches under Victorio. Cooney had been quartermaster sergeant in the 8th U. S. cavalry, and while performing discovered county Socorro western in mountains Mogollon the in duties x . ver. After his discharge from the army he organized the Cooney mining oo. and began development of extensive properties in Socorro county. His ae Captain Michael Cooney, hewed from the solid rock, near the scene th : murder, a sepulcher for the body. The door is sealed with cement and ics rom the mine, and in these ores has been wrought the design of a cross. 1s friends among the miners also hewed a cross of porphyry which was placed upon the summit of the rock tomb. ae bcc 1881, a band of Apaches under chief Nané suddenly descended ae : ittle town of Chloride, killed two men named McDaniels and Overton, ms usly wounded another named Patrick, stole many horses and cattle and 7 before a show of defense could be made. isan States Indian agents for these southern Apaches were, at Santa Fé, . Ayres; at Fort McRae, 1869-70, Charles E. Drew; at Fort Craig, 1870-1 lage G. Hennisee; O. F. Piper, 1871-3; John Ayres, in 1872; B. M. 8, 1873-4; John M. Shaw, n all of his raids Apaches. Victorio was 1874-6, and James Davis, assisted by large numbers 1876-77. of the Mescalero |