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Show TERRITORY OF NEW MEXICO 321 with the artillery. Some women and children were killed with the bayonet. Education during this period, so far as concerned the masses of the people, made no headway. Nowhere in the United States were educational affairs in so lamentEDUCATIONAL AND OTHER MATTERS able a condition. Owing to the DURING THE DECADE continued depredations of hostile Indians it was impossible to maintain schools of any sort whatever in the outlying districts or settlements. Even in the larger towns there were practically no public schools. The clergy were opposed to any public school system, even though there were no funds by which they could establish and maintain Catholic institutions. There were plenty of prominent citizens and officials, sent from the states by the several presidents, who realized the importance of educating the people. But there were also a great many influential men of Spanish and Mexican birth who did not believe in educating the common people. At the legislative session of 1854-1855 an act was passed providing for a tax for the support of and establishing a system of public schools. The Proposition was referred to the people with the astonishing result that 5,016 votes were cast against and 37 votes for the tax,?** in Don Miguel E. Pino was elected colonel and Manuel Chavez, lieutenant-colonel. Under the authority of the meeting a company of 150 men was raised, the men furnishing their own mounts and equipment. Afterward the force was in- ‘teased to four hundred men, who invaded the Navajé6 country, punished Indians Severely, and drove off great Many cattle and Sheep for subsistence. the numbers of their stock, killing a great Their ammunition finally gave out and they were compelled to return to the settlements. After tag the affair at Fort of the territory 62, Records, Secretary’s but Fauntleroy, there Governor was office, Santa Rencher a feeble response. issued See a call on the his Message, Fé. . 0 Bancroft, H., History of Arizona and New Mexico, p. 678: ‘‘There was change In H.1862, except that the Navajés became somewhat bolder in their Taids, which 7 . extended to all parts of the country. There were no campaigns troops, though the establishment of Ft. Wingate moved the Indians ecember to send in one of their petitions for peace. Some raids were made ef rated Mexican companies, but all efforts to organize a general movement by « Militia were unsuccessful. General Carleton took command in September, : ae attention for the rest of the year was devoted mainly to the Apaches.’’ uring 1861, on July 25th, near Mesilla, a battle was fought with the oe engaged being Companies B and F, mounted riflemen, and paniesthe& regulars B,D, Me Parrender by Be; G, I, and K, of the 7th infantry. the Indians at San Augustin Springs. On the 27th there On September 26 Php # very spirited engagement at Fort Thorn, in which Troops C, G, and eV vtlty, defeated a large band of hostiles. mW, H., in a note, p. 195, of El Gringo, says: ‘‘The election |