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Show 302 LEADING FACTS OF NEW MEXICAN HISTORY TERRITORY In 1852-1853 there was a considerable number of the Gila Apaches near It. Webster and, under the care of Agent Wingfield, they were induced to make a treaty under a promise of rations for five years, that being Governor Lane’s policy. This treaty, however, was not confirmed and when their rations were cut off the Indians began their marauding expeditions. In 1854, the Mescaleros began giving much trouble and campaigns were made against them by Lieutenant Sturgis and Captain Ewell, with such success that in March, 1855, they were suing for peace, and in June a treaty was made by Governor Merriwether, by which a reservation was designated near Fort Stanton, and a new post established at this time and named for a captain killed in the campaign. This officer was Captain Henry W. Stanton, 1st dragoons, who was killed in an engagement on the 19th of January, 1855, with the Mescalero Apaches, in the Sacramento mountains. The treaty was not approved, but an agency was from this time maintained at the fort and the Mesealeros, or at least a part of them, kept the peace, received their goods and in some seasons did some small farming. Governor Merriwether also made a treaty with the Mimbres™” Apaches in 1855, who behaved very well for a time thereafter. The Mogollon Apaches gave much more trouble and, on account of the campaign made by Colonel Bonneville in 1857, these and the mounted riflemen. April 27th, Near Ft. Fillmore, Company D, 1st dragoons; November 12-26, various fights with the Pinal Apaches, Company D and detachment Company G, Ist dragoons; Company A and detachments Companies © and H, mounted riflemen; November 14, Tunica, detachments Companies B, C, EK, and G, 3d infantry; December 3d, Santa Teresa, detachment Company A, mounted riflemen; December 18th, detachment Company A, mounted riflemen, at Santa Teresa. 496 My, J. R. Bartlett, while at the copper mines, became very well ac- quainted with this tribe and the chiefs, particularly Mangas Coloradas. caused Sleeve. the It tailor of his expedition to make a fine was made of blue broadcloth, Mangas his suit, which with consisted gilt buttons. downward, buttons the of a frock pantaloons, fashion of coat lined with Mexicans, ‘with at his request, the were scarlet and a of opened row ornamented from the knee small fancy on one side and a broad strip of scarlet cloth on the outer side from the hip downward. the His after Bartlett suit of clothes for Red was very pleased with tailor A white shirt and a red silk sash completed his dress. had the suit in hand was most Red Sleeve visited him displayed. He progress and a child might have envied him his delight. on his Indian character his shirt outside his pantaloons, strikingly and all of Bartlett’s daily to While watch its But in putting them insisted on wearing him and he says ‘‘on these occasions his conduct decorum as though he had been on the Mexican MEXICO 303 flocks and herds had been their leading though their only industry. not In this warfare they had lost more captives — to become slaves of the New Mexicans — than they the taking of live-stock the advantage had been favor. On the merits of the long struggle, except nated in the predatory instincts of the Indians, each had taken, but in largely in their that it had origiparty was about equally to blame, instances of treachery and outrage being frequent On both sides for a century past. To the Americans, on their taking Possession of the territory, the Navajos professed friendship but could hardly understand how that should interfere with their warfare on the Mexicans ; and presently they came to class the Amerleans with their old foes, and to regard chronic war with the United States as their normal occupation for the future. Having no realization of their new enemy’s power they deemed the conditions of the Struggle about equal. Regarding the proffer of peace as an indication of weakness or fear, they were willing, when hard-pressed at any Point, to make a treaty, which they broke just as soon as their interests seemed to require it. Treaty-making was simply an incidental feature of their business, like treaty-breaking; and had plausible pretext been deemed essential, the New Mexicans, continuing like the Indians their raids as of old, rarely failed to furnish them.?”° “*t For reports of military operations of 1854-1855,Forseereports U. 8. ofGov.ace sess., H. Ex. Doc. i., pt. ii., 56 et seq. to reverse the cong., 1st was marked with as much ‘ampaign used to civilized society all his life.’’ NEW Mimbres went on the war-path and continued hostile for more than ayear. H. L. Dodge, agent of the Indians, was killed by the Mogollones in 1857,227 The first tribe of Indians with which the Americans established treaty relations was the Navajé. At the time of the American occupation they numbered about ten thousand, and THE NAVAJO INDIANS occupied the northwestern part of New Mexico. They caused the military more trouble between 1850 and 1860 than all the other New Mexico Indians combined. They made treaty after treaty only to break them whenever fancy suited. They are a pastoral people, also cultivate the soil and manufacture blankets. As Mr. Bancroft says, ‘‘ conscious of their strength, they paid little heed to the rights of other tribes by all of whom they were hated. For many years plundering raids efforts yjrangement were without effect. Bartlett also had Mangas Coloradas dine with OF see 35th cong., No. me2, a 6th con g., 2d sess., 28 At the town of Ist sess., H. Hx. p. 20 et seq. Cebélote on the Doc ii., pt. u., 135-141; Navajé frontier : during H. s Hx. Doc. the years 1850 |