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Show pT LEADING 430 OF FACTS INDIAN HISTORY MEXICAN NEW In this same year, Colonel Carson was sent into the northwest against the Navajés; the plan of removing all the Indians to Fort Sumner on the Pecos was developed. CAMPAIGN AGAINST NAvAJOs July 20th was fixed as the date after which every Navajo was to be treated as hostile, and orders were repeatedly issued to kill every male Indian capable of bearing arms.?°> While there were no great fights or victories, from a military point of view, and while there was but siarnaniie erpendicular oe walls of the canyon, to dislodge their assailants, hurled who them showers of arrows, but were again defeated, with a loss of — eight killed, while only one of the troops of the government was slain. end of February the Mescaleros were completely subjugated in New A hundred fled to Mexico or to join the hostile Gila Apaches; vigorous fighters and afterward returned to commit eae Me - but these depredations neighborhood of Fort Stanton. ee in oda-aiie 855 Meline, James F., Two Thousand Miles on Horseback, pprt ‘‘The Navajés had their Talleyrands and their Metternichs as well a, ' betters. How profoundly they regretted what had occurred — how ar a they desired the resumption of these amicable relations, etc. Mutual — e profound consideration, etc., and all the other verbose stock in ae : diplomacy — they could set forth as handsomely and as ee Prussian protocol. ‘Some bad young men of the tribe had committe robbery, or that murder, and their heads’ — to-wit, the heads of Belin sadors — ‘were bowed down with grief. this treaty—ah, this treaty—should Other treaties had be kept sincerely. been bro You ey this na oe ee : sa Well, we did see. Finally, General Carleton, an officer of superior miu oa administrative talents, broke up the time consecrated farce of pares pai after he assumed command in New Mexico, an eminently respectable bere tion of eighteen Navajé chiefs with keen perspective of indefinite Pe te called upon him to know if he would not make a treaty. The general 18 ial the state of New Hampshire and characteristically answered their ue another question: ‘What do you want of a treaty?’ ‘That we may ne have peace.’ ‘Well, then,’ was the unexpected reply, ‘Go home, stay eal attend to your own affairs, commit no more robberies or murders Ocean people, and you have peace at once, without the trouble of a treaty. : a ‘a the general informed them, appeared to confuse matters and mage ahh double labor to the Navajés of making and breaking them. They, the ae ia well knew that they never kept them, and he, the general, was not a ¢ ans be beguiled by them. ‘Now,’ he continued, ‘Go; and if you rob or 2 aia any of this people, so surely as the sun rises, you shall have a war ee nae not soon forget.’ Navajé discomfited, said he had never Se laid way before. Refused a treaty! Was such a thing ever heard of? : good Indians though. They would return to their country, and try ar ag suade their young men to behave. The result was, that in a few wee meas robbery and murder of Mexicans began again. Then came a ie Tl ring that a large portion of them were peaceably disposed. This was in t i. aaa of 1863. General Carleton sent them word that, as they all lived pent st he could not distinguish friends from foes; that those who ee na ae friendly should come out from among the others and go to the sane nou dondo, a large and beautiful tract of land forty miles square, with 8 soa fOr sand acres of arable land, on the Pecos river, where they should rh a twas and allowed to want perfectly intelligible. for nothing. Indian Not a Navaj6é would reply come. was not polite, Nadel Another message the CAMPAIGNS 431 slight diminution in the frequency and extent of depredations, yet by continuous and active operations in all parts of the country, and by prompt refusal to entertain any proposition of peace or the old time treaties, a very great progress was made in the essential task of showing the Indian that their foe was at last in earnest, and that they must yield or be exterminated. A beginning was also made at the Bosque Redondo, where over two hundred N avajO prisoners were gathered, or were at least en route at the end of the year. At the beginning of 1864 Carson and his forces marched to the Canyon de Chelly, and while the direct result of the campaign was only twen- ty-three killed, thirty-four captured, and two hundred surrendered, and while there were continued hostilities in other regions, yet from this time the Indians began to surrender in large numbers, and before the end of the year, the Navajé wars were practically at an end and over seven thousand of the tribe were living at Bosque Re- dondo.?5* general that they had better consider the matter more maturely. They might have until the 20th of July with the door of peace left wide open. Once closed it should never be opened again. But the Navajdés said they had heard ‘Big Talk’ before that meant nothing; had listened years to the ery of ‘Wolf’ that came not. And they scouted the soldier’s warning. True to his promise the war opened on the very day set by General Carleton, July 20, 1863. A regiment of New Mexicans, with more than a century of accumulated wrong and oppression to avenge, were at once placed under the command of & man who understood his Indian well— Kit Carson. These troops knew neither summer rest nor winter quarters, but pursued the Indian foe relentlessly month after month, night and day, over mesas and deserts and rivers, under broiling suns and the rough winter snows, killing and capturing them in their most chosen retreats, until finally, broken and dispirited under a chastisement, the like of which they had never dreamed of, small bands began to come in voluntarily; then larger ones, and finally groups of fifties and hundreds, nearly comprising the strength of the tribe. The prisoners as fast as received were despatched to the Bosque Redondo and those who remained in arms sent out white flags in vain. Throughout 1864 and 1865 and went on under these conditions, and the result is Navajés, including a few Apaches, are now living engaged in agriculture and manufactures, 400 miles 90 miles east of the Rio Grande settlements.’’ nate During the year 1863 the number of Indians the present year, the war that some eight thousand peaceably at the Bosque, from their old homes and : killed under the vigorous military operations of General Carleton was 301; 87 were wounded and 703 Captured. Their depredations in only five counties of New Mexico caused the loss as stated in the official records, of sixteen citizens killed, 224 horses, 4,178 cattle, 55,040 sheep, and 5,901 goats; in other counties the losses were “qually severe and the estimate for several previous years was not less. In January, 1864, the citizens the Navaj6 from the north direction. The troops were of Colorado and the Ute Indians were pressing on account of their robberies of stock in that pushing hard upon the scattered bands, taking advantage of the snows and severe cold of the season to increase their distress and thus more rapidly to accomplish their subjugation. The purpose of |