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Show 11 Figure 2 gives a plan of the double tower near the mouth of the Man* ere; it has already been described. The ruin, of which a plan is given in figure 3, occurs on the left bank o! the Mancos about eight miles above the foot of the canon. It is one of the best preserved specimens of the ruined towers, and seems to have been built with much skill. It is 9 feet in diameter on the inside and about 16 feet high. There are three rectangular apartments attached, the walls of which are almost leveled with the ground. In the side of the tower facing the river is a window, about 8 feet from the ground and 2 feet high by 1£ wide. I had been previously led to the conclusion that these towers were in all oases built without windows or openings of auy kind within reach of the ground from without, and it is not improbable that this opening did not communicate with the outside, but served as a doorway between the tower and one of the adjoining apartments. The advantage of such an arrangement in a defensive work, such as we may suppose this to have been, is clearly apparent, and evinces not a little intelligence and forethought on the part of the builders. Being built in connection with dwellings and places of resort, they could, in case of alarm, be reached with ease from within, but be altogether secure from without. This ruin was visited by Mr. Jackson last year, and a sketch of it has been published. Figure4. The large circular ruin, of which aground- plan is given in this plate, was also visited by Mr. Jackson, photographs were made, and a brief description given; but I deem it best to give a more detailed description, the result of such observations and measurements as could be made in a period of time entirely too short for a work of such importance. This ruin is situated on a narrow strip of alluvial bottom about midway in the cation of the Mancos. On first approaching it, one does not observe that it differs greatly from the ordinary fragmentary structures below, as it is much decayed and almost hidden by artemisia and vines. Closer inspection, however, develops the greater part of the outline, and I imagine that a little excavation would bring all the foundations to light The inner wall can be traced throughout the entire circle, and ia in places 6 or 8 feet high. A portion of the outer wall, at the point farthest from the river, is still 12 feet in height and in a fair state of preservation. The space between the walls has been divided into cells, as in the two examples given in plate II. Four of the cross walls are still a number of feet high, while others can be traced* by lines of Mbris. The diameter of the outer wall- is 43 feet; that of the inner, 25 feet. They are faced op with larger stones than usual ( the heaviest of which, bow-ever, could be lifted with ease by a single workman), and have been filled in with rubble, adobe, and wood. The outside courses have been dressed to the curve, and the implements used, judging from the appearance of the picked surfaces, have been of stone. The main walls are 21 inches in thickness, while the partition- walls are somewhat lighter, and seem to have been but slightly built into the circular walls. In order to determine the probable number of these cells, I measured the two having complete walls, and found the inner side of each to be & feet. As these were both on one side of the circle, I had but to measure the remaining space to complete the semicircle, and on so doing found that there was just room for three additional cells and the necessary partition- walls; two of these were still traceable. To complete the circle, therefore, ten apartments would be necessary. Being desirous of confirming this conclusion, I took the diameter of the inner circle |