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Show Table 5. State of Utah White Black Indian . Japanese Chinese Filipino Other Total Decennial Census Race Count: 1850 11,330 50 0 11,380 1860 40,125 59 89 0 40,273 1870 86,044 118 179 445 0 86,786 1880 142,423 232 807 501 0 143,963 1890 205,899 588 608 4 806 0 207,905 1900 272,465 672 2,623 417 572 0 276,749 1910 366,583 1,144 3,123 2,110 371 20 373,351 1920 441,901 1,446 2,711 2,936 342 60 449,396 1930 499,967 1,108 2,869 3,269 342 158 134 507,847 1940 542,920 1,235 3,611 2,210 228 69 37 550,310 1950 676,909 2,729 4,201 4,452 335 236 688,862 1960 873,828 4,148 6,961 4,371 629 207 483 890,627 1970 1,031,926 6,617 11,273 4,713 1,281 392 3,0711,059,273 1980 1,383,997 9,691 19,994 5,508 2,913 1,138 37,796 1,461,037 1990 1,615,845 11,576 24,093 6,500 5,322 1,905 57,609 1,722,850 2000 1,992,975 17,657 29,684 6,186 8,045 3,106 175,516 2,233,169 2000* 2,034,448 24,382 40,445 9,991 10,691 5,396 n/a Shares 1850 99.6% 0.4% 0.0% 100.0% 1860 99.6% 0.1% 0.2% 0.0% 100.0% 1870 99.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.5% 0.0% 100.0% 1880 98.9% 0.2% 0.6% 0.3% 0.0% 100.0% 1890 99.0% 0.3% 0.3% 0.0% 0.4% 0.0% 100.0% 1900 98.5% 0.2% 0.9% 0.2% 0.2% 0.0% 100.0% 1910 98.2% 0.3% 0.8% 0.6% 0.1% 0.0% 100.0% 1920 98.3% 0.3% 0.6% 0.7% 0.1% 0.0% 100.0% 1930 98.4% 0.2% 0.6% 0.6% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 1940 98.7% 0.2% 0.7% 0.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 1950 98.3% 0.4% 0.6% 0.6% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 1960 98.1% 0.5% 0.8% 0.5% 0.1% 0.0% 0.1% 100.0% 1970 97.4% 0.6% 1.1% 0.4% 0.1% 0.0% 0.3% 100.0% 1980 94.7% 0.7% 1.4% 0.4% 0.2% 0.1% 2.6% 100.0% 1990 93.8% 0.7% 1.4% 0.4% 0.3% 0.1% 3.3% 100.0% 2000 89.2% 0.8% 1.3% 0.3% 0.4% 0.1% 7.9% 100.0% Growth Rate from Previous Decade 1860 254.1% 18.0% 253.9% 1870 114.4% 100.0% 101.1% 115.5% 1880 1890 65.5% 44.6% 96.6% 153.4% 350.8% -24.7% 12.6% 60.9% 65.9% 44.4% 1900 32.3% 14.3% 331.4% N/A -29.0% 33.1% 1910 34.5% 70.2% 19.1% 406.0% -35.1% 34.9% 1920 20.5% 26.4% -13.2% 39.1% -7.8% 200.0% 20.4% 1930 13.1% -23.4% 5.8% 11.3% 0.0% 123.3% 13.0% 1940 8.6% 11.5% 25.9% -32.4% -33.3% -56.3% -72.4% 8.4% 1950 24.7% 121.0% 16.3% 101.4% 46.9% -100.0% 537.8% 25.2% 1960 29.1% 52.0% 65.7% -1.8% 87.8% 104.7% 29.3% 1970 18.1% 59.5% 61.9% 7.8% 103.7% 89.4% 535.8% 18.9% 1980 34.1% 46.5% 77.4% 16.9% 127.4% 190.3% 1130.7% 37.9% 1990 16.8% 19.5% 20.5% 18.0% 82.7% 67.4% 52.4% 17.9% 2000 23.3% 52.5% 23.2% -4.8% 51.2% 63.0% 204.7% 29.6% * Note: The first listing for 2000 is "race alone" and the second is for "race in combination." population (41.9 percent) than does the nation (29.5 percent). Migration from South American has also increased substantially from 3,176 foreign-born in 1990 to 12,745 in 2000. (Figure 10) Mexicans populated the Southwest Region of the present day U.S., including Utah, from at least the early 1800s. By 1900, Hispanics made significant contributions to the sheep, cattle, mining, and railroad industries of Utah, and were geographically concentrated in the Monticello region of San Juan County. During the Great Depression, many Utah Hispanics were deported to Mexico. With the establishment of the defense sector in northern Utah during World War II, the demand for labor again brought Hispanics from New Mexico and Colorado (Gonzales and River-era, 1994). Mexican immigrants came to the U.S. in large numbers beginning in 1942 with the establishment of the Bracero Program. This program facilitated the employment of temporary guest workers in the war effort. After the war, the program was extended to provide labor primarily to the agricultural sector, especially in the southwestern U.S. and in Arkansas. When the program was terminated in 1964, the era of illegal immigration to the U.S. began. Because migration networks were well established, undocumented migrants continued to enter the U.S. from Mexico. The volume of this migration has been affected by relative labor market conditions, the cost of migration, and policy changes. The most significant of recent policies was the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) of 1986 which increased border enforcement, increased penalties to employers of the undocumented, established an agricultural guest worker program (H-2A), and offered amnesty to long-time undocumented residents. The latter resulted in about three million persons acquiring amnesty, two-thirds of whom were from Mexico (Orrenius, 2002). UTAH'S CHANGING RACIAL AND COMPOSITION ETHNIC In 2000 the foreign-born share of the Utah population (7.1 percent) is lower than that of the nation (11.1 percent). The majority of immigrants to the U.S. have traditionally settled in six major gateway states: California, Texas, Florida, New York, New Jersey, and Illinois. Over the past decade the majority of immigrants may have entered through these traditional gateways, but a new settlement pattern has emerged. Rather than staying in these historic receiving states, substantial numbers continued their migration to interior states beyond established migration patterns. (Figure 11) As one of these nontraditional interior-receiving states, the diversity of Utah increased more rapidly than that of the nation as a whole in the 1990s as the foreign-born share of the population more than doubled. Certainly Utah continues to be less diverse than the nation as a whole. It is part of a much larger region sharing these characteristics. This region extends from Idaho in the west to Wisconsin in the east and includes portions of the Rocky Mountain Region (Idaho, Montana, Utah, and Wyoming), the Great Plains (North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, and Iowa), and the Great Lakes (Minnesota and Wisconsin). (Figure 12) The important point is that the large immigration to Utah over the past decade, which is primarily from Latin American and especially from Mexico, has dramatically increased the diversity of the state. Of particular significance is the more than doubling (138 Utah's Health: An Annual Review Volume DC 29 |