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Show Infectious Diseases Tuberculosis (ICD-9=010-018, ICD-10=A15-A19) Compiled by Shelley Beal, John Darden, Mark Moody, Derek Nelson 2002 Utah TB Cases: 31 (0 Deaths) Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused mainly by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While TB was once a leading cause of death in the U.S., aggressive diagnosis and treatment have led to incidence rates that are currently the lowest since reporting began in 1953.1 A brief resurgence of TB beginning in the late 1980s showed that diligence is still needed in dealing with this disease. TB spreads by small, airborne droplets that are coughed up by an infectious individual. However, infection by the bacteria does not automatically cause TB. The U.S. has an estimated 10 to 15 million persons infected; without intervention, it is likely that 10% of those infected will develop the disease. Screening examinations are performed by simple skin tests or chest x-rays. Definitive, diagnosis is based on positive laboratory sputum cultures, and treatment of TB typically involves taking six to nine months of specialized medications. Multi-drug resistant TB is becoming problematic nationwide. Because the spread of TB is associated with conditions of malnutrition, overcrowding, and poverty, TB can be an excellent marker for the overall state of a public health system. Recent immigrants, the homeless, the elderly, the poor, and HTV patients Figure 1. Incidence of Tuberculosis, Male and Female Comparison, 1992-2002. 42% are especially susceptible. Therefore, public programs aimed at assisting these groups may concurrently reduce the incidence of TB. Foreign-bom persons are seven times more likely than natives to develop TB. and vigilant monitoring is necessary as foreign immigrants to Utah continue to rise2 (Figure 1). Table 1. Incidence rate of Tuberculosis, Utah and U.S., 1981-Incidence per 100,000 Year Utah U.S. Utah:U.S. 1981 4.2 11.9 0.35 1982 3.3 11.0 0.30 1983 2.9 10.2 0.28 1984 2.5 9.4 0.27 1985 1.9 9.3 0.20 1986 2.6 9.4 0.28 1987 1.7 9.3 0.18 1988 2.1 9.1 0.23 1989 3.3 9.5 0.35 1990 3.0 10.3 0.29 1991 2.6 10.4 0.25 1992 4.3 10.5 0.41 1993 2.5 9.8 0.26 1994 2.9 9.4 0.31 1995 2.5 8.7 0.29 1996 2.9 8.0 0.36 1997 1.8 7.4 0.24 1998 2.5 6.8 0.37 1999 1.9 6.4 0.30 2000 2.3 5.8 0.40 2001 1.6 5.6 0.29 2002 1.3 5.2 0.25 Table 2. Cases of Tuberculosis, Utah and U.S., 1981-2002. Year # of Cases Male Female 1992 78 53 (70%) 25 (30%) 1993 47 33 (70%) 14 (30%) 1994 56 41 (73%) 15 (27%) 1995 48 37 (77%) 11 (23%) 1996 58 40 (69%) 18 (31%) 1997 36 21(58%) 15 (42%) 1998 52 29 (56%) 23 (44%) 1999 40 25 (63%) 15 (37%) 2000 49 34 (69%) 15 (31%) 2001 35 24 (69%) 11 (31%) 2002 31 17 (55%) 14 (45%) ticable Disease Reports. [Online] http:-vvw w.heakh.state.-ut.us/eis/< jpidamioioav/ ulosis in Utah: Ten Year Statistical Review. [Online] h stg: 7heal ih.ut jh.aov/eh/liivaids/ Sources: Utah 1981-2001: Utah Department of Health, Bureau of Epidemiology. Annual C anraf/. Retrieved 04/06/2003. Utah 2002: Utah Department of Health, The TB (Tuberculosis) Control Program. 1 ifa/TB/regorts/tes yeartbtepon.pdl Retrieved 04/06/2003. U.S. 1981-2001: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Surveillance Reports: Reported Tuberculosis in the United States, 2001, Table 1: Tuberculosis Cases and Case Rates per 100,000 Population, Deaths and Death Rates per 100,000 Population: United States, 1953-2001. [Online] hitt>:n\vww.ctk,aay/ivsawr/previevCT»mwrhtm1Arira5211 a2Mm. Retrieved 04/06/2003. U.S. 2002: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Trends in Tuberculosis Morbidity - United States, 1992--2002. United States, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. [Online] ]jSj::i;\v\w.::hAS: '^ « Sri?.!'.?: s ' > '' Retrieved 04/06/2003. 1. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Trends in Tuberculosis Morbidity - United States, 1992-2002. United States, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. [Online] htoi/www &k g S ¥$>.%?: SSY.I.v" " "^ * • '.• ?ins~:htm Retrieved 04/06/2003. 2. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Feb. 8, 2002). Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 51(05):101-104. Utah's Health: An Annual Review Volume DC 81 |