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Show Table 2. Barriers to First Trimester Prenatal Care, Table 2 (Continued). Utah PRAMS Data. PNC Payer Type Maternal Percent of Women Populatio Private/Group Insurance C h aracte ri sti cs With Inadequate n Medicaid 8.0 + 2.3 2,500 PNC Due to Late Estimate Indian Health Service, 22.5 + 6.4 2,300 Entry Other, or No Insurance 18.6 + 9.8 900 (95% Confidence Pregnancy Intention Interval) Intended 8.5 + 2.3 2,600 Total Birth Population 12.5 + 2.4 5,700 Unintended 17.9+5.2 2,800 Maternal Age Smoked Cigarettes in 3 < 19 30.9+11.5 1,300 Months Before Pregnancy 20-34 11.1+2.5 4,100 Yes 21.1 + 8.0 1,400 35 + 5.7 + 4.3 300 No 10.7 + 2.4 4,200 Education Level Drank Alcohol in 3 Months Less than High School 23.8 + 8.5 1,800 Before Pregnancy Completed High School 11.9 + 4.3 1,600 Yes 15.4 + 5.8 1,600 More than High School 9.3 + 2.6 2,300 No 11.2 + 2.6 4,000 Number of Previous live Race Births White 11.2 + 2.4 4,900 None 15.5 + 4.3 2,600 Other Than White 32.6 + 9.6 800 1-4 10.7 + 2.9 2,900 Hispanic Ethnicity 5 or more 10.4+10.3 200 Hispanic Non-Hispanic 21.3 + 9.9 11.2 + 2.2 1,200 4,500 Pregnancy Recognition <5 weeks 10.2 + 3.1 2,300 Marital Status 5-8 weeks 11.4 + 4.1 1,900 Married 10.2+ 1.2 4,000 - 9+ weeks 20.4+7.6 1,400 Unmarried 24.7 + 8.5 1,800 - - Birth Interval Geographic Area < 20 months 17.7 + 9.1 800 Urban 15.8 + 2.3 5,600 21-36 months 9.6 + 4.9 1,100 Rural 5.5 + 4.0 600 37+ months 7.2 + 4.2 800 Aii ii ii 'i I If<ki¦ ^fr»Ei it 111 - / VII11 Ual Illfl.I>vllMIlI Income NS = Not Significant <$15,000 24.1 + 6.7 2.400 likely to receive inadequate PNC due to late entry than $15,000 - 35,000 8.0 + 3.2 1,200 women residing in rural areas (5. 5%). $35,000 - 50,000 10.5 + 4.5 1,100 • Of women with an annual household income less than >$50.000 5.5 + 3.8 600 $15,000, 24.1% did not receive adequate PNC i entrv compared with 5.5% of women with an iue to late annual in- first trimester. As shown in Table 2, maternal age, level of education, race, Hispanic ethnicity, marital status, geographic area, household income, PNC payer type, intention of the pregnancy, smoking before pregnancy, and timing of pregnancy recognition were significant barriers to inadequate care due to not entering PNC in the first trimester. • Among women who were under 19 years of age, 30.9% received inadequate PNC due to late initiation compared with 5.7% of women older than 35 years of age. • Of Utah women with less than a high school education, 23.8% did not receive early and adequate PNC compared with 9.3% of women with more than a high school education. • Thirty-three percent of other than white women did not receive early and adequate PNC. • Hispanic women (21.3%) were more likely than non-Hispanic women (11.2%) to receive inadequate care due to late entry. • Unmarried women (24.7%) were more likely to receive inadequate care due to late entry than were married women (10.2%). • Women residing in Utah's urban areas (15.8%) were more come greater than $50,000. • About 23% of Utah women whose PNC was paid by Medicaid received inadequate PNC due to late initiation compared with 8.0% of women whose PNC was covered by private insurance. • Women with unintended pregnancies (17.9%) were more likely to receive inadequate PNC due to late entry than women whose pregnancies were intended (8.5%). • Of women who smoked cigarettes in the threemonths before the pregnancy, 21.1% did not receive adequate PNC due to late entry compared with 10.7% of women who did not smoke. • Of women who recognized their pregnancies after nine weeks gestation. 20.4% received inadequate PNC due to late entry. SELF-REPORTED BARRIERS TO EARLY PRENATAL CARE To assess barriers to early PNC PRAMS respondents were asked the question ''Did you get PNC as early in your pregnancy as you wanted?" Those who responded negatively to this ques- Utah's Health: An Annual Review Volume DC |