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Show \ , I, ,I ........ 1. EMfGRAN'T'S GUIDE. Scmt.bt ky river ri:es in the same swamp wilh the Sciota, and flows north sixty miles int1) Sandusky ILt. ~. T'bis river receives bnl ft·w tributary iltreams, is a YNY rilpid stream, but little i rnpf'dc· .t hy shoals or falls. The land it waters is a great part prairie, tuucb ol it marshy. The other rivers fallincr into L(ll P. Eria, have b Jt Ji ttl t) to di st ir-guish them from each other, a11J nothing to render a p:uticular Je~ cription necessary. It has been already ()bserveJ, 11at thNe flrc no mounf:~in;} in th'! state of Ohio: it has also he· 11 noticed th:.t thr bon'er of the. t'lte alon~ tbe sta te of Ohio, is extrf'nHdy billy and broken. 'l'l1o...: · hills do not however rise :-~bove tbc C('nt ral t.:.~hle land; th<:.Y appear i11 JeC'd to be merely the remains left by the riV(''rS, whicb in the lap,t' of ages have worn down tlw'r ch .l l1nrls to 1 wir present level. The l1ills abounu in mineral c al lying in Lori :znn t:1 l :t r:-~la. lt is more ~)all probable, that by sinking sbaf'ts to suf1iri ut depth, that cual would be founcl in mo t parts of the centrnl table land. Except coal, tbe state of Ohio does not (lppcar to be very rich in minerals; salt springs have bce11 found upon Sciota, wme of w!tich are now in operati~m. Iron has been discovereu ncar the Ohio ri\er in many places. Lin1estone of excellent q11ality abounds. 'rht most abundant rock is however sandstone slate ; tb is stone rnay Le con· side red the b;;~si · of tbe country. Progre sive Geogrophy-I-fistory-To·wns.-The fir~t civilized na· tion who discovered the country nov calle( the .state of Ohio was tbc French, 'vho rcacheJ this region from Canada. It does not ap1war that this nation ever rnnde any settlements of consequence wiliJi !t wh: I is now the limits of thi state. Tiu· country remained in he -pos5ession of the s:wages until lollg after the termination of the revo· lutionary war. 'I'be Sb:1wnees, Mingoc~s, and Potawatomies, were tlw i' mcipal tribes who inhabited thi fine country. Tbe fi.r :-t pcrJnan ent se11lement made by the whites was in 1707, at the rTwuth of the Mu._kingum. Rufus Putn:un, under the direction of the Ohio Company, c:ommenced Marietta, and the following) ear J o Jll Cltve& Symnes made an e~tabli.'hment at the north bend. A war with the savages soon flfrer comrllenc~d, and in a great meawre prevented the pr?gress <,f ~~ettl(•mcnt. Alter a sangu1nary contest of fi ·e y<·a rs, thrs. was lf'rmuwted by the trC'aty of Greenville, August ttOth. 1795. Tlus was the rea] poch of the . ettler ent of this now t1omishiniJ' state. That part included in tbe countie named in the statistical tables p~·~fixf-~u, was then ceded, and oon after surveyed and sold. The cb e~p ness of all tbe lands and fertility of areat part iuvited an immediate and vPr_:r numerous er:nigration. Thg class of ~)eople who have populated O!J10, bas been 1n great part farmer. from the northern and rnidule stat~·:.:. The prohibition of involuntary Re rvitude l1a taken from uselul labour that tacit odium so prevalent iu tbe · couthern states, and has corttributed to secure tu 1he state of Ohio a flUl!'erous bod~ of useful, industrious, and r .::::pectaLle mech;::nic:; and artl ans .. Ali far, a e<]uality in condition and civil rights can secure the bapptne s of a people, the inhabitants of the state of Ohio pos· ::ess those a<.Want~ges. :!MIGRANT'S GUIDE. rrhe tenure of the lands being drawn from the Unit d States, liti· ~ation arising frum di. puled titles must be very rare. The mode ef l;lurveyi.ng tbe puhli~: ~ ~~n~Js, has al"? a tendency to simpli(y the de~ markatwn betwet>n tn(hvtdua] propnetors, and renders certain what in many other countri<'s, and even in parts of the United States, is the fruitful source of animo:,ity and legal disquisition. This latter improvc ·menl in land tenu re, is not however peculiar to Ohio ; it is enjoyed in common by all person s, in any part of the United States wlw hold their tit_le~ _from the g~vernment. To know and appreciat' the full valu~ of tlu~ mode. o{ c.onveyance, it is only nece ~sary to contt:dst th.e bJstory of land ti tles 111 Pennsylvania and Kentucky with tbat Ill Ob10. So recent, however, has been tbe commencement of fiales t'rom the United States, r~nd the lands actually held in that man· ner a~e compmalively so confined in extent,*' that the benefits arisin~ therefrom are but parti ally eujuyed. As in every other part of the United States, perhaps of the world, the first ettlements .exten~ed along. the rivers, and were rapid in adva~ lce anu c~~1p act . 1n theu f~nn~twn, following the fertility of the !!oil, and fact1tty of commercial mgress and caress. A line drawa from Steubenville in Jefferson county, to Hamil~on in Hamilton county, will run v~ry nearly through the most fertile, and far the most compactly peopleu parts of the st~te. The following Yiew of the t~wns of the. state of Ohio, wilJ eJ~:bibit the rapid increase of a re.~ wn, to the 1mprovement of which not an axe was laid thirty years beforr. this article was written. CJNCINNATI, though not now th-e seat of O'OVernment for the ~tat.e, is, ~fte.r Pittsburg, the first commercial town 5 of the Ohio valley. Thts .flour1shmg towt.l stands upon the right bank of the Ohio river, 212 miles above the mouth of the Great Miami at 39° 06' N lat 7~ 2 I w ' ' ' 0 • I on. from VV asi i ngton city. The pro~ress of tb~s place is an abridgment of the history of imp~ ove~ent Jn tbe Ohto valley. Fort WasbiiJgton, the germ of Gincmnatt, was formed in 1788, and soon af'ter tbe town was surveyed. IIIany years .passed aw~y before the Indian wars and other impediments pe:·m,~t.ed. any_ Hnpro.vements of consequence to take p1ace. 1n 18 LJ, Cmcm.nalJ ?on tamed upwards of 600 dwelJing-house», ;nd perhaps 7?0? mbal.Htants. BesiJe dwelling-houses, more than :.:J00 other buddmgs were occupied as stores warehouses schools PI aces o f wors t1·1 p,. c_ourts of law, manufactorie' s, and other 'p urposes.' Many of those butld111gs are lar2:e and e]eO'ant constructed of stone b'l v u 0 ' o: nc c S:vcral denominations of Christians have churches, splen-did a.nd spacwus ; the m 1st remarkable are those possessed by the B?pt!sts, ~resLyterians, Methodists, and Friends. The buHding in C1ncmnat1 that most Jeserves tho attention o-f strangers and which on rc~ie.w mu~t excite a glow of the very best feeli~gs of human nature, Is the LancaBteri an school-house. This edifice consists of two wings, and a connecting buiJdin[ cnntainina the stair-cases. One ol th e ~m· gs J· s :-~ppropn· ated to boys,... , the othe r o to girls. Upwards of 400 children arc now educated in this seminary, and the house ia ~ Jl. ~,.~e~te~ber' 30th, 1814, on1y 6,385,467 acres of public land had 'been s ld. 1 .. mi V 1ew ~ p. (;~4. 29 |