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Show EMIGRANT'S GUIDE. moment, who have crossed the Aleghany mountains withjn the last thi rty-five years, " the world before thern and Providence their guide," who now repose in ease with flourishing families around them. The emigrant who now traverses those mountains has no savage warfare to appal him. The first race of men who entered those wilu mootheu the path for their successors, often at the expense of the ir lives. vVhat once demande<l almost superhuman bravery, now only demands persevering industry, and honest sober habits. A ~ r eat proportion of the entire number that now reside in the Ohio and Mississippi valleys, are persons who carried with them little more than experience in their respective· pursuits, and who have crea ted their fortunes by their labour and ingenuity. T his is not r a ti cularly the case with agricultural men; it forms the basis of the private history of ail cla ses of society. r:rhe consequence of necessary exertion has been to form a race of active, laborious and ente rprising men, equal to any th at the world has produced. Tbe vast , cale upon which the merchants and farmers of the Ohio and Miss i - sippi valleys perform their operations is indeed expansive. It will lJe seen that from Pittsburg to New-Orleans is about two thousand miles, and also half that di stance from the junction of Ohio anJ Mis-issippi to the latter city. Yet great numbers of the farmers are their own factors at so distant a mart. The commencement of their course of business is, properly speaking, in autumn, when tbeir grain is put in the earth. As soon as ~eed ing is finished, preparations are then made for con.verting into flour or whiskey their small grain, in fattening tbeir pork, and, in fine, collecting for market the various staples, and in building boats for the t ransportation of their property down the rivers to the mart of sale. In this manner autumn and the beginning of winter is consumed. As soon as the spring freshets open the rivers, these navigators commit themselves and the fruits of their fields to the current, and in due time t1oat to Natchez or New Orleans ; dispose of their cargoes, and purt.: hase a horse, anu return home by land. Every one is anxious to complete his voyage in time to return to his farm by han·est, which two-thirds effect. The same routine is again pursuEJ, and thus while some members ~, fa f?m ily are as high as the 41° nortb lat. tilling the ground, others :~ re dts ant eleven Jegrees of latitude disposing of their joint propertr. So easily do men accommodate themselves to the operations of ti11S wide field of action, that many who, in their native country l consider- - ~ tlJirty or forty mi les a very serious journey, will iq a few years ·after passing the Aleghany mountains, converse familiarly upon a voyage of two thousand miles from home, and a journey of twelve undred to 1ct Hn. One of the most valuaLle results of the dbtant voyages and jol~rneys made by so many, is the infusion into society of an extent of !opograpbica! knowledge no where else known on earth. 'fbere IS no ~ xa ggcrati on in decl aring that no people in the civilized world can, Jn a~ equal population, produce so many men who possess general and dctalled knowledge of a space so immense. J:,iost of the traders are well disposed to c9mmu.nicate to strangers EMIGRANT'S GUIDE. 295 ~u~h inf?rmati?,n a~ th~y posse8s, and very few are disposed to deceJve. :r:bey are, m fac.t, a bold, ope.n, intelligent, anJ candid body o~ men. They are the hnks of a cham of extensive communication. L1~e all other men of the west, the farmers anu traders ha ve a peculiar app ar~nt carelessness of manner, which strangers, ev n from the e~stern s1de of the Aleghany, are very apt to mistake for want of attent1on to those who address them. Tl1e fa ct is far otherwise : often when the traveller is thus thrown from his g ard, he is in the presen~e of a man who penetrates the-inmost recesses of his soul anu ~ho ~111. recount to his companions the very train of reflection pa~sin aJn the mmd of the stranger during this inspection. ;:, One. of t.he greatest and ~ost fatal Dmlts committred by Europeans when. m tl!1s, as they term It, verge of civilized life, is undervaluing the mhabJtan_ts. It is in ~any respects a very natural result of the accounts published and read m Europe. One traveller. who between New-York and Philadelphia composed ·two larcre v~lum~s on the general chara~teristics. of the United States, very gravely informs his readers, that m recedmg from those citi ,~s, the scale of civilization Jowers, unt,il upon. the Ohio and Mississippi the savage state commences. 1 hough 1t can har~ly be suppose<.! that many persons can be dupes to _such rep:esent~trons, yet, from tbeir tenor, prejudices must follow m the m1~ds. of those who read them. It is against the con.sequence3 of such IH-J_udged colour_ing we now wish to guard the emrgrant. Thes~ cal_ummes do very httle harm to the objects, but are extremely mrsch1evous to those who travel the interior of the United States under their in~uence. Hatre_d and contempt are plants of easy growth, and very difficult to eradicate when once rooted in the human heart. . Wit~ a good personal character and suavity of manners, it is almost unpossrble for any man to reside three months on the western side of t~e Alegh~ny mo~ntains without finding employment sufficient to proVIde _f~r h1s. subsrstencc. Every man who carries with him those req~1s1t~s w1II find a kind welcome every where, and a disinterested arlv1ce m most intelligent men he meets. All trades arc wanted, especially those necessary for the sur:ply of the. most pressin~ wants of new se~tlers, such as carpent~rs, masons, smtths, wheelwnghts, tanner~, curners, tailors, shoe-makers, hatters, saddlers, and cabinet make rs. Mere labourers, however, who. possess n< handicraft, are as C(HUlin of employment as any cl ass of lllf:'U ; so o-reat i. the task of clearing land I b' · · . 0 ' P oug mg, sowmg, reapmg, tlueshmg grajn, and other business of husbandry, thnt aiJ men can find work, who are dispo~ed to gain ~n honest and virtuous subsistenc '· To the latter, an<..i to common .~our~c.ym en mecha~ics , we des ir~ to point out a rock, that, as they . alue future reputatiOn and happmess, must he avoided ;-it is the ldle waste of Saturd:..~y afternoons iu play, or what is worse, in tbe ~~g-sho~ •.. ~by this part ?f. time should Le so unprofitably thrown ay as It l S, It WOuld be dtificuJt to explain ; UUt the facts ate too ~~merou s to uc doubted. Thousauds w_lto JaLo~r, ?tteutively, ough five and a half days, lose the frutts of thcrr toJJ and th eir peace of mind in the other half, and rise upon the mornini of the true |