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Show ... EMIGR.ANT'S GUIDE. It may be here opserved, that the towns of the interior of the United States may be considered in a double point of view ; their political and commercial character. Respecting the first, each town, • appropriately, belongs to the state or territory to which it is attached ; in the second, as depots, their exclusive features are merged in th~ general picture of intercourse, where all parts are confounded in one entire whole. As iLrespects political regulations, Cincinnati~ in Ohio, and Newport, in Kentucky, are totally distinct ; commercially, they are the same. Pittsburg and its suburbs, as far as internal policy is concerned, have different regulations, and are subject to municipal authority of different powers; but as parts of a moral, agricultural, and com· mercia) society, the town and suburbs differ no more from each other, than do the streets of each other taken separately. The same observation may be illustrated by the connexion between Boston, Cambridge, Charlestown, and Roxbury ; by New-York, Brooklyn, and Paulu:,' Hook; and Philadelphia and its Liberties, with Campden in New-Jersey. Perhaps no circumstance respecting Pittsburg, or any part of the valley of the Ohio, could more justly alaim the interest of the reader tban tbe following letter. When in Pittsburg, the author of these observations had th~ curiosity to ~arry the volume containing this in· valuaLJe <locl!ment to the very point from where it was written sixtytwo years before, and there read its contents. The description of tbe ri vers and other durable features in nature are admirably appro· priate: but the thick forest that then covered the point has disappear· ed, and a flourishing city has arisen. The pleasing circumstances of rernini scenc~ that the perusal of this letter must create are numerous ; the immortal mind that dictated it has performed his earthly services, and has gone to the fruition of his re'rvard; but his name and his ex· ample must endure to cheer, to animate, and console mankind, as long as literature remains to record virtue, and stimulate to its imitation. \Vben tbe reader on the spot casts a retrospective glance upon the h ist0ry of the last seventy years, and recalls the days of the youth of \,Y ASHINGTON; when he reviews the events that have changeu, not on)y .this, then dreary waste, to a sm,iling picture of active indus· try and domestic happiness, but remembers also how much the acts of t~is yo~th during his ripened manhood, contributed to this c~ange, }us heart must dilate with mingled sensations of pleasure, of gratitude, and admiration. " The exce&Sive rains and vast quantity of snow which hati fallenJ prevented our reaching 1\fr. Frazier's, an Indian trader, at the mouth of Turtle creek, on Monongahela river, till Th~rsday, the 22d (No· vember, I '753). We were informed here, that expresses had be_en ~ent a few days before to the traders down tbe river, to acqua!nt them with ~he Prench genEral'a <.Ieath, and the return of the maJOf part of tqe Fnmch army into winter quarters. "The waters were <]Yite impassable without swimming our horses, which obliged us to get the loan of a canoe from Frazier, and ~o send Barnaby Currin and Henry Steward down the Mollongahela with our EMIGRANT'S GUIDE. 261 baggage, to meet us at the forks of Ohio, about ten miles; there to cross the AJeghany. "~s J got down befor~ the c:moe, I ~pent some time in viewing th~ nvers, and the. land m the fork, whtch I think extremely well am ted for a fort, as 1t has the absolute command of both rivers. The land at the point is twenty, or twenty -five feet abo\'c the common surface of the water; and a considerable bottom of fl at well timbered land all around it, very convenient for boilding. r_r'he rivers are e.ach a quarter of a mi)e, or. more, across, and run here very uear at nght angles; Alcghany beanng northeast, and Monongahela southeast. The former of th~se hv_o is a very rapid, ;tnd swift running water ; the other deep and still, w1thout any perceptible fall. '' About two miles from this, on the southeast side of the river at th~ pl_ace ~here the Ohio compnny intended to erect a fort, Jives ~hmg1ss, kmg of the DeJawares.>'·Xo . The spot alluded to in tl~is extract is now the 3ite of the city of Pittsburg ; and through wh1ch, from the first of April to the fir!3t of November, I 815, passed upwards of twenty miJlions ef dollars worth of merchand!se. This assertion may be doubted, but it is founded up?n a careful survey made by the author. The document was rc ceive. d from the merchants u~on the spot. The importations of 1Dl5, certamly ex~eeded the ordmary amount; but if tb~ iron and po metal used m the work·shops, and l-l'hich are brought from tbe Laurel hill, and Juinata forges and !urnaces ar~ added to other objects of commerce, 20,000,000 dollars Js not too high an estimate for the annual amount of merchandise that passes the ware-houses of this rapid-ly increasing city. · Pitt~b.u~g has been very justly considered as a common centre to the ~dJommg c?Lmtry ; b_ut i~ is more,-from the very extensive mercanh. le co_nnexwns of this cJty, the emigrant can receive more accurate mt~lhgence here than in any other place wes;t of the Aleghany mountams, upon most subjects of inquiry. There are in Pit~sburg five or six places of public worship, one academy, several pnvate schools; four banks, three or four printino· offices, and two large book stores. A public library has been corn~ rnenced, but not any considerable progress made in the collection of books. M.r. Robert Patterson has established upon the banks of the Alegha ~ y nv~r, above the north.ern liberties, a paper-mill upon a large scale, m Wh1ch. excellent paper of almost every kind necessary for the cunsumpt10n of the city ami neighbourhood is manufactured. In brief, this city has within a few years assumed the form and features of an immense mercantile and manufacturing depot. In it ~en of all tra<.les and professions may either find employ or receiv~ mformation wbere employ may be found. ' Br.ownsville, in ~ayette county, stands, in point of wealth and populatwn, next to Pittsburg, amongst the tows in 'Vest Pennsylvania. wi*dRdiee.p ort cf Major, a.fttrwa d~ GeHeraJ, 'Washington, to Governor D1"n, |