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Show I 30 EMIGRANT'S GUID~. Nature Ttar.:. hf\wevc1·, 1·ccompensed the ~'nhabitants wit~ ~el·ici~u_s app~es. "The luwer part of this basin . sht•ltered ~y trll.tltJplJCd hJl ::-~, nu,~rs an infinity of excellent prn·.'uctions. Wh!te·wt?~ at P (o~, l y c~nd Chante·sur- ·oire; red :1t Blo1 r- , anJ the frutts of lours anJ Angus, are abundm . ~ .wd of t'. qui!'-itc flavour . . "From Nevers to Nani.e'l ,ill i'o 'lo\1\·ing the Lotre. the hdl · :! re behe~d covered with rich vineyMds; , Lnt)St all the stone of thi:s lower h::~sm is calcarious.* . Ba.,l/1 of the Garmme.-B 'T~Je pla~n of nourde~ux, compost>;J oi an alluvion f(:n·Hwd of sanJ admtxeJ wtth tbe n1ud ol .the s.ea. .\~ IJen there is not a clayey base to this rich mould, ~~1e ~me 1: df.!,hc.J(_~us. Such is that of Aubrion, b~c :mse the water is trubtbed wtlb fac1 tty, and penetrating the sand, does not produce htJmiJity .injurious to the vmes. c . " SometimP ~ th·~ re :-tre, under the sand, strata of hard terugmous ~arth ; and if pre~~,\Ution is not taken . to bre:Jk .them, they produce upon the vine the same etiect as argd, by forcmg the water to re-mam. s t agnan t . " This ~ubject could be much dilated, but it is unneces~:;try. Our intention was to produce some gener::~l, but well-foundt~ d JUefl.s upon the culture of a vegetable, who e introduction into every €Ountry has made a rl'volution in its rural economy. 1 The olive is of infinitely more real value than the vine, .and desen• es more attention than <my vegPtable, t~e cereal gramma and suO'ar-cane excepted. This very precious tree will no doubt beeo~ ne one of the gre1test objects of the An:erican farmer in those parts of the United Statrs "~hich lie sou~h .of ~5° ~· l~t. ~~e sub· ject is, however, too extenSIVe to permit I Is wsertJO? Ill thts rlace. As the olive tree can, w<: have every reason to believe, be mtroduced into almost the entire n:nge of the United States, included between the ~9th and ~&th of N.- lat. i'ron1 the Atlantic ocean to the Cbippewan mountarns, we have cnnsiJ.;red it ~es~rvin~ an enti~e chnpter, after the revie ws of tbe states and terntones,. mcl~ded '.n that part of tbe lorecroing rang~ , that lie we<:,;t of Ge~rgta. fo thts ~chap. iv. of th s treati st.' ,) we ~·efer the r~flder, and wdl now proceed with the topography of tlH ' '"In of .1\lobtle. The vatlev of the Mobile aud its tributary streams has much, not to say, a r~m ark · be resf'ml>lance to ~he ba in. of the Rhone.' and will admi• of nt>atly the same course ot prm1uctwn. Though m the same parallel of latitu oe. St. Stephens on the Tombigbee enjoys a t(>rttperature consiJc"rably '.varmer than Natchez. The winters. are le:.;~ ~e\'P.re at rhe former than at the latter place. The valley o{ the A~ J Lama, ii·orn tl1e junction of the Coosa and Tallapoo a, to the mouth * Tl~ere is but little in common with the climate and position of this basin and aJJ) ·Hl't uf th.:> United States east of the Mississippi. The c oncl udin~ obsel v' ntitlll upun I 11:: eu.tw·e of the viuH , Jest~ rves particular notice, how~ver, as r , ~- v <11 • 1ea1' I 'o~ c 1r, tl! Ji:-;on with allll1 . informatiou on tbe subject contamed in ; w ,., or · frou ,. h 11· t rl'f:y are ex r~te lcd; and farlher, as they tend to sLow,. tb. ,t I ;. ltCVP.I' r) t!Jer ~ ' tl'•~ I'I..Jt t.CS e(j~ua te 01' ~uiJ may make upon the growth of th~ ue, a sandy blitle J.s every where necessary for the production of good. wme. ·EMIGRANT'S GUIDE. 31 of To'llbi~f>ee, exhibits nearly the same variations of seasons as are expe,·ienccd at St. ~tP.plwns. 'fl1 . n 1gc~ of JJil! that divide the waters of the Mobile, though not very ele~' <l t l'd, ~· -.t aflord a ~onsidcr...~ble sheltPr to the counlr)'l along the gulf of l\th:XICO. . he vme. may no doubt Uf' UfO~gbt tu g.reat perfect ion ou land th:-~t ts now till jUstly condemned to nremedJJ.bh~ sterility. The dry pine~ ills. with a southern exposure, will, no doubt, prm·e by f.u most advantageous for the culture of the vine and will yield grapes of far superiPr C]U:1lity to those produced on the rich and moist bottoms of the large rivers. A glance at the various openings to the winus of the north, or the elevations that obstruct their approach, or reduce their violence, that extend themseh es from the Atlanlic oce<m to the Kio Grande del Norte, in tracing the 33° N. lat. wilJ enable the geographer to draw correct conclusions respecting the varieties in the climate of this extensive region. Calculating from analogy, the air ought to be more temperature, :md the seasons more uniform on the borders of the Atlantic ocean, than upon the gulf of Mexico, on the same line of latitude. From recent, thuugl1 not very decisive data, the facts are consonant to the theory. If sugar-cane is cultivated successfully in the state of Georgia, the induction is well founded, that there is less frost on the shores of the Allantic ocean than on those of the gulf of .Mexico, on the arne parallel of la.tJtude. The southeastern part of Georgia is sheltered from the n01 th by the high granitic ridges of the Aleghany, which are covered with an enormous forest (I[ evergreen trees : the south part of Georgia is sheltered by the same mountains, anJ buth places are tempered by their proximity to expanded bodies of water. In advancing westward from the Atlantic ocean, along the 33° N. lat. Carteret's bank, in South Carolina, will first be piissed; the city of Charleston will be left to the south, and the level country watered by Cooper, Edisto, and Camchee rivers, will be passed before encountering tl1e Savann<~h river. This Jistance, of upwarJs of I 65 m~les, is over a .!eve!, and by no means a productive country. West of Savannah, the country is more broken than to the east of that ri.ver, but it continues generally a sterile, sandy soil, in which the ptne tree most abounds. In reality, from the Oconee to Red river, except upon and very near the streams, the parallel of 33° N. runs through a barren pine forest. . The 33° N. lat. is, in North America, what the paral1e1 of 45° js lFl Europe, a line of demarkation between different vegetables. These two parallels are in the respective C]Uarters di stinguished by the s~me productions, and exhibit very nearly the SJlJW temperature. '1 he re.~soR wby tbt> western part of Eur(Jpe enjoys in 4 5° a temperature: tounJ in Anlt'rica iu l£Jt . .)3° bas never yet beeu satisfactorily explained · nor i a philosophical solution of 1l of much couseqnence ; but if is of the utmo~t utility-to the Americ· n N>1if!ranl to understand correctly the varietie~ in the suil and cli rnJ e of tho~e parts of Eu· rop : ft urn whf'nce nt w pia !ts or new branch s of husbandry are t be Imported into his own C('ttntr•v . |
