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Show - ~ 194 EMIGRANT'S GUIDE. come.s in. from the north : this ~tream is about 150 miles in length, headmg m Cumberland mountam. ' Buffalo ·and Duck J.livers rise in the sarqe ridge with Elk, but flow west; and like the Tennessee and CUlnberland, curve to the northward, unite and fall into Tennessee, nearly on latitude 35° N. Below the junction of Clinch and Holston, on the left side, and below the mouth of Duck river the Tennessee receives no tributary waters sufficient to augment its st~eam in any sensible degree. Cumberland river rises in Cumberland mountain, and interlocks ·with the head waters of CJinch and Kentucky rivers. This river rises in the southeast part of the state of Kentucky, through which it flows in a westerly direction upwards of 200 miles, enters Tenn~ sse~; and by :it very winding course of one hundred and twenty miles m the latter state, reaches at Nashville near as far south as 35° N. lat. At Nashville the Cumberland river assumes aN. W. course, which it preserves 120 miles to its junction with the Ohio. . The hyo following tables will exhibit the relative length and stataonary d1stances of the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers from their 1ources to their junctiori with the Ohio. ' No. 36. Length and stationary distances of the Tennessee, by Holston. Milts. From the sources of Holston to Abingdon ... 35 Tennessee line - - 10 45 Blountsville 20 65 Mouth of French Broad 95 160 Knoxville - 4 164 Kingston, mouth of Clinch • 60 224 Washington 30 254 1-Iiwassee river 1 o 264 Georgia line 50 314 Again enters Tennessee - 1 o 524 Nickajack enters' Alab;=tma territory 10 334 Extreme south beud, 34° 25' N. lat. "' 50 384 Head of Muscle Shoals 40 424 Mouth of Elk river 5 429 Lower end of Muscle Shoals 15 444 Mouth of Bear creek - - _ • 30 474 Now forms the ~oundary between the state of Mississippi and Alabama terntory, to the Tennessee south line 25j499 Mouth of Duck river - _ _ 90 589 Tennessee north line - 40 629 Entrance into the Ohio river .. 50 679 No. 37. Length and stationary distances of the Cumberland river from its source, to its entrance into the Ohio. J:.. . rom its source to the south line of Kentucky Fort Blount - .. • ... - Miles. 1 200 30 230 Nashville Clarksville Palmyra - Tennessee north line Obio river EMIGRANT'S GUIDE. - .. 195 Miles. 90320 ~10 il50 10360 30 ~90 50 440 The chain of Cumberland mountain extends between the Cumberland and Tennessee valleys, and produces two distinct climates in the state. That of Tennessee is more temperate than that of Cum· berland. The difference is greater than would arise ~rom the respe~tive latitudes: cotton and tobacco are more productive, and less 1&able to c;lestruction by frost in the former, than in the latter ~alley. No well digested statistical account ~f. Te?n~ssee ~as been. published; nor have the minute shades of trans1hon m 1ts ~oal and clnnate bctn exhibited from actual and judicious observation. Only the general features of the country can be given. Tennessee may be correctly viewed as the middle climate of the U nite,J States. Both from geographical position and local features) the temperature of its climate is a medium between the warmth of the south and the cold of the north. All the vegetable productions, from cotton to the cereal gram ina, are pro<.luced. In some parts of the state the apple succeeds extremely well; a circumstance that in its constitution bears more analogy to the air of the northern, th an to that of the southern states. On the borders of Kentucky and Vi rgi nia, the winters of Tennessee are often severe : the rivers are fre· quently frozen. Like all the middle and even southern states"} the seasons are extremely variable. No wir1ter passes away without severe frosts; and many are attended with heavy snow in all parts of the state. The soil of Tennessee, like its climate, is very different in quality in the respective parts of the state. Three-fourths of the cutire surface is mountainous or hiJly. The valleys and river bottoms nre remarkably fertile. The inequalities of the surface in respect to ele· vation, shelter, and exposure, are so infinite, that in diHerent parts of the state, the same species of soil is suitable to very diflcrent ve· getables. , The east section of Tennessee is occupieJ by wbat may he strictly called the nucleus of tl1e Aleghany mountain~. The ridges are here less elevated than in some other places; but they extend over a much wider surface than in any other part of the Uuited States. The range of the mountain being here also inclined more to the west, produce a double effect upon the climate. Vvest Tennessee is more flat tha 1 the eastern section. The mountains, after their course to the west, o-radually decline, and before reaching the Mississippi, disappear. The hills also become, in approaching the Ohio and Mississippi, more rounded, less elevated, and like the mountains, are gradually lost before reaching the extreme depression of the valley in which they are situated. From so many concurrent causes, the changes of temperature between the eastern and western extremitie$ of Tennessee, are almost as great as would ' f ' • |
