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Show I EMIGRANT'S GUIDt. c]y and :Beaujolois · and those ~bund~nt fields, where, fn traversi"rig tht:!1 Se provinces. tbe 7 eye contemplates the harves.t wath deli~ht. . 4 •Vane!iand wine ofhiah rerlUtation , arc often met w1th 'mthe higner parts of the ' basin bo f the Rh.one ; but tl1e major part. o t• t i 1e inhab1 tauts do not attend to the carcumstance, that these vmes, so renowned, are sheH~red by hills and mountarns. If you would suppo~~. filr in tance, that tqe chain of mount Afrique, above _Dijou, was reduceJ to a plain, .what would become of the fine vmeyards. of Hncbeput and Beaune ?-The fact is, that the1r excellent quality arises [rom the shelter that defends them, and which augments the nece:o; ary heat. ~rhe texture of the earth in which they grow de~ cides the taste of these vines. " The Saone, Durgeou, Ougnon, Dome, and Seille, enliven, enrich, and embeHish the higher part of the basin ; the cultivated part of the 'mountains here owes every thing to art, and the unremitted labour that supports i~. The1e are only seen, .on every side, naked roc~s, ~aand and gravel. The Rhone, and all the rivers that fall into 1ts bosom; h;ve rapid, precipit~us, aml impetuous currents ; such are thP features of the rivers Ain, lsc re, Drome, Durance, and Ganlou ; and thus over all the extent, from Lyons to the sea, you can know, by the mass of sand, what rivers have contributeu to swell the n~ain stref'-lm. The mud from tlte Saone is always yellow and fertile; the Rhone exhibits white sand, Jry and unmixed with the earth, and extrerrtely quartzose ~ that of the Jscre is brown and schistose ; that of the Duraue and Drome, dry and arid. " lf you glance your eye over the chains of mountains that traverse the lower division of the basin of tl!e Rhone, from east to west, you will finu thot, as in the higher Jivi:,ion, the temperature of the eli· mate is less influenced by approximation to the fimrth, than from th~ shelter aiforded by the mountains. We h3ve already observed, that the common mass of heat is three or four degr ·es higher at Ly· ons than at Dole or Besau~on. Below Lyons, the temperature varies sensibly in about len leagues. Lyons i. sheltered on the north by the elevated mount D'Or; Vienne, by a chain cut by the Rhone, and m~united to th· t of the Lyonois; Tournon and Thain, at the foot of, and environed IJy rocks, have only the Rhone between them. Ht·re the pome6rauate begins to be planteu in hedges, as divisions between the farms. The (;hain of Mount Pilate covers th is place from the winds ot the north. Montc~limar is equally !5hel· ten-:d by a very high mountain. On turning from Montelimar, to as· et--nd the H.hone, t1 e olive tree is no more seen; here is its limit : some have escarcd the Sl'vere winter of l76o, but the mountains and bills, worn Jown by incess~mt rains, auJ beaten by the violent l''inds, peculiar t,, this climate, are greatly lowered, and the olive trees, exposed to the violent winds of the north, have perished.* * We would here entreat the most serious attention of the experimentalist,. whn intllnds to introduce, into the southem p<uts of the· United States, vegeta· bles l i~ble to destruction by fro st. Tmu:ly precaution in choice of position, nnd 111 •n a prudeutiulrcsel'vation of woods, would aid very e ' sentially in the lau•'ahl,: li~l t> tHpl to add to the reso1u·ces of human cxist ... Hc:e and comfort. No llUill o{ lbe most common habits of observullOil, who hns Jesuled a nulllber of years in or near the d~lta of the Mjssissippi, but will acknowledge EMIGRANT'S GUIDE. "The chain of St. Esprit, as well as that of Mount Ventoux, in the Comtat. d' Avign~n_, _presents a new climate .. We ought to regard eac!l of t.h~se ~!VISions, and_ each of tbes~ cltrnates, as a p:uticu Jar b~sm ~ ()Jstmguash~d respec.tlvely by the mteusity of the heat, or dJvers1ty and quality of the1r productions. " The. e qualities <lre particularly distinct in the wines. Those of St. Troy· . lVIillery,, CbCl_rly near Lyons, Cote Rutie, near Vi€nne., the Hern11lage, at fhatn, St. Perct and Corn as opposite Valence and· Chateau-n uf-du -Pape, have all their parti~ular characters s~ strongly marked, that they cannot be mistaken · characters th t are derived from their shelters, and from the g;ape plants that ~=-e cultivated. " After having _traversed ~II the lower parts of the great basin of tha R?one, and t~e nvers ~hat 1t receives, if yo•J then fi>llow the mountam~ fr~m cham to cha1~, you will perceive, that at equal heighL, the cultn'atwn. and productiOns are ~very _wbere the same. The spruce ~f the_ Alps of Mount Jura J::i agam found upon .Mount Pilate. The pmes of the less elevated mountains make almost the contourof this great basin. ~itt~e or no. wheat, much rye, buck-wheat, and potatoes, are the pnnc1paJ obJects of culture. Their fmils are tard.y in ~roduction, but are articles of tr~n~p~rtation into the plains, par~lculal ly ~he app le, as well as the dtfferellt kinds of chestnut whose taste Js excellent. ' " The chains of mountains divided and subdivided,, and forrning thousands of valleys, presenting delicious meauow whose arasses are fine, short, anJ aromatic. ' 0 "The numel'ous flocks of cattle, sheep, and goats, consume in summer these fine pastures, and furnish enormous cheec;;es known in ,Franche Compte by the name of Vachelin, and which a~e made in the same manner as th?se of Gruyeres. Every canton produces cheeses, th;lt have peculiar qualitif'., but all are exceJicnt, because the pastures ar~ clc~ated. Observe the generaJ advantage that each part o~ the~ basa~ ~la1ms, [rom its local position. Bastr: oj the Seme.-4 ' The mountain of the town of Langres forms the powt of Jema_rkatwn of three basins ; that o[ the 1\hone, tbe Meuse, .an? the Seme; all have their sources to the south and south· caft, . relatively to th~ir gen~ral. estuary. The variations in climate, cu t.me, and pr~)ductwn:s ot th1s basin, are Jess ::,triking than are t~_ose of tl~e basm of the Rhone ; because iu the former, the chains 0 . hmou_ntam_s are less elevated than in tbe latter, and also dirni-m[ J s esf m hewb ht ' as it .he Y accompany 1h e courses o f thP. n.v t>rs wh1. ch t1 ow rom them ; and lastly, because in the lower part ot the basin ley are merely hi~h hills. " The reac:on ... b ·1 · I • . ~ may e eas1 y perceJved why at Laon anJ Rlteims t 1e mhabtt ant~ 1 d · ' ' • ') ::s rna <e goo wme, though these two town. ar rt:-i far north as howm ami H::tvrc, where the vine does not receive .'~Jfficient warmth for the d eve Iu pement o t· ·t ls growth or m· atun·t y o f I·t s ·f l·u1· t. the conectoess o~ this advice. The sogar camt, potato, maize, rice, the ~ranfe tree,. and,_ lllrleed, cvPry pJant or tree whose juices are uf'cornposable Y droot, ~JI.l afford enmple~ how rupidly climate ~ intluenced by hills woo s, prames, aud the courses of rivers., ' |