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Show • EMIGRANT'S GUIDE. l1e found , in many ~ituati ons in North America, in an equ ;:tl dd:mee al(mg a meriJi ;m Jin e. A stril\ing example of the correctness of the forego iug facts , ~ re prese nted by the Miss iH: ippi anu , 'f e nn esse~ states, when compared tnr.;cthe r. T he relc1 ti ve geogra phi cal posit inns of the two t:rtes are diree1 1y opposilc . T he extreme length of the [imn e r, be il ~ nort 1 and south , that of the latter, e t :-tntl west· . t tb di[\~renc ! in climate bet' een th~ extremes of the ~tate of f,lississippi is not gr .a tcr, thr~n e ists also be tween tbe extremes of 'T cnnesse-e. · A stat istica. anJ gc )gn. hic:tl work on Tennes5ee , drrtwn from care-fu! ly observed f::>ct3, and j uJ i ious y arra n ~ed, \•vo ulJ be an accession ot ;:;reat value to the scienc of the United Stat.es. Progrest\?.7.-'e p,·eorrraphy,-history.-'1' 1 • ta te of T ennes ee is an elongation of No th C·n olina, and ori ginally m de a p:u t of that state ; but ike all ot " r pl :1 ce:3 no rthwcc;t of tbc Aleghaoy mountains, its sett' ement by the lite inhabitants is rccrn t. About the commet .rement of tbe r volut ionary wa r, a few huu ters re ached the ilources f the T e nnesse , r iver, and without any countenance frorn governmen t, commenced an establishment, which fo r mauy reasons increased and remained obscure an d unuoti ced by the governments of the con tiguous st::1tes. T hese remote hun te rs experi ~ nced fierce oppos it"on fi,om tl e savages, which they repelled with bravery and success. 1 he recent establishments in east Tennessee operated, during the revolution ary war, as a sh ie ld to the back countries of Georgia, Sl ulh Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia,* and con· tribute<.l no little to facili tate the se ttlements of Kentucky. From 1776, when the B riti sh agents, S'tum·t anu Cameron, in re· venge for their unshaken fidelity to the ir coun try, brought upon the Tennesseeans the tomahawk of the Chero kees, until the memorable battle of N ~ w Orl ea n,:,, the troops of TenneS:'ll:'e have been at their post, when the ir coulJtry demanded the ir ser ices. T ennessee was sepa r<l teJ from North Carolina, lind created a ter· i'itory in 1790. Iu I '796 it bee;, me a st<Jte of the United States. in 179 1 the popu lation was 35,691 ; in 1795 the in hab itan ts were jncrease tl to '77 , ~ G2 . By the census of 1800 th ere were in 'Tet,nessec 105 ,602 p e1sOtJS. Iu the ten y onrs th at intervened be· ~w ee n the two last enumerations of 1800, and that of 1810, the peo .. ple of thi s state h:1d :'lccumul<lteJ to 26 1.72""/. ' 'he great st co nparat ive increase w;s Ju ring the period between 179 1 ~m d l '795. A dec rement of re(Ju lar accumul ation is percep· tible in eve ry suh eqnen t period. Tl;is is the case with all the oth_er new stat ·s (t lJ territor' es of the United States in the Ohio anu l\'IJS· si ssippi v~~llcy. 'l'cn nP~see also prC' sents another fact, univers?IIY ove rl ookeJ in ~pecula tions on the rcc nt settlem~nts in the Un1ted St<ltcs ; lwt tbe demi ty or tbe population i in direc t ra tio to th~ dis· tan~e from the oria ina I source. This rule has very few exce tions ~~;h~ Umted S ates, alld none th, t does not arise from river nav io·at ion. l he Ci.u~lity of so il see m~ to have v ry li ttle c.Jir .ct in flue nce in the exten· ' :n of ettlcmt, nt s. The difTt rencc in effect, IJetwe(;!n the silent but * Soc poge 62 of thi~ treo.tise . • I E!\UGRANT'S GUIDE. gradual flow of the people to the westward, and that of casual emigrat\ on, will be seen by reference to the geographical treatise an-nexed to this work. Of cultivated vegetables, the most important produced in Tennes-fjee is maize. In no part of the United States does th at valuable plant grow iu such perfe ction as in the rich bottoms o_f C~mberl and, 'fennes ee , anJ the ir conflu ent st reams. Much ma1ze m the ear, and also ground int meal, is transported from these rivers to Natchez and New Orlean . . lVheat, · rye, oats, harley, and buckwheat, are also raised in con-siderable (1ua nt ities, hoih for consumption and exportation. Hemp is amongst the etaples of T enn essee, but i ~ fnot at pr~ient so exten ivf::ly cul ti vated as it was a few years past. Flax IS reared for home use) but not in very large quantit ies. Cotton is the str1ple commodity of gre·1test value both in quantity and aggregate v, lue , th at is exported from this state. The thread of the cotton of T ennes ee is, perhaps, not so lonb as th at growmg m more southern la ti tud es, bu t is otherwise excellent. Of miner,d productions found in Tennessee, iron and srtlt are the most important. Seve ral iron works arc, and have br!en many years in operation, both in east an<.l west Tennessee. Castings and iron are made both for domf:!s tic use and exportation. Several salt springs are fouuJ, but not in genernl use : the state is generally supplied with that very necessary article from Kentucky and Virginia. Saltpetre, alum, copperas, and lend, ~re also di scovered. A considerable quantity of the former is now taken from various caves and manufactured into gunpowder, or otherwise u:ed for home consumption, and also for ex portation. Coal is said to be discovered in gre Cl t quantiti es ; it is the bitumi" ilous coal of secondary formation, and di sposed in horizontal strata. Tennessee may be with p opriety considered, in re pe~t t fruits, as the most favo urable situ ation in the United States. T here are, in· deed, very few frui ts cultivated in the valley of the Miseissippi :wd Ohio, but what are concentrated in this state. Arples, p ea r~ . peaches, and plums, are reared in grea t variety, and of good c1ual ~ ity. The two kinds of potato grow in ::~bundance. Beef, butter, bacon, pork, lard, tallow, le:1 tber, and many other articles, are e.xported to Natchez :md New Orl eans. The tim ber tree are plentiful and ve ry large , consisting of many species of oak; many speciPs of hi ckory , black and white walnut, beech, linden, sy camore, a ·b; several species of maple, poplar, (lirioden Jron tu1 ipife ra ,) black locust, honey locust ; various kinJs of elm, mu lberry, pine, cedar, wild cher ry, anJ sassafra s. The unuerbru, h consists of dogwood, spicewood, papaw, crab app.e, bazlc nut; many kinds of grape vines, and smilax, large c~ne, an ~ many other: plants and herbs of medicinal virtue, or othenvi~e u~eful. 'Towns,-colleges,-schools.-N ashviLLe, on the suuth side of Cumberland river, in 36° 4-' N. lat. and 10° W. Jon. from Washington, is ihe principal town in West Tennessee, and the largest in the state. The number of inhabitants in this town i.s uncertain, but no doubt exceeds three thousand, Some fine publio and private buildings ar~ ' |