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Show 204 EMlGRANT'S GUIDE. ly, the entire surface of Kentucky reposes upon a bed ot' second m-y limestone. The mil of very ditferent depths, but ahnoc;t ev ~ry where fertile. The so utheastern part is mountainous, the centre hilly, and some parts near the Ohio level. The rivers have, generally , worn very deep chann I in the calcarious rocks upon which they flow. The country is not very well supplied with either well or spring water. Mill streams are also mo::.tly precarious. Tbe rivers of Kt·ntucky are, Ohio, Miss iss ippi, T enn essee, Cum. berl rtnd, Green, Rolling, Kentucky, Li c.; king, am.l Big Sandy river. The Ohio is the principal stream of th e state of Kentucky, and the ultim ate chann el of its commerce , flowin <r along th .. state from the n10uth of Big Sandy to the 1\'Ii s ~i ssippi, about 640 miles, following the Lends of the stream. The Miss issippi is the western boundary of the state from tbe mouth of Ohio tn the north boundary of Tennessee, fi fty -three miles. T ennessee and CUtuberland pass in the lower part of their course about fifty- eight miles each in th e state of Kentucl y, and add essentially to the commercial faciliti es of the state. The latter is in reali ty more particularly a stream of Kentucky than of Tennessee , the former having within its territory both the sources and the mouth of that river. G1·een rive1· is a strea m of consid erable extent, rising near the centre of the state, and ruuning to the wts t 120 miles, rece ives a large branch from the south ; assumes a northwest course of 100 miles ; falls into tbe Ohio about thirty miles below the Yellow Bank. Rolling is a small and unimportant strc aa1, rising near Danville, and pur uing a western course of 60 or 70 miles, turns northwest and north; falls into the Ohio thirty miles below Louisville. K entuclcy r iver, from which the state derives its name, rises near the sou theast angle of the state : its general courEe is nearly northwest ; abo~t 200 miles in length; falls into the Ohio at Port William. This river traverses the mest fertile, best cultivated, ami peopled part of Kentucky. Licking river rises between tha sources of the Kentucky and Great Sandy : its course is nearly parallel lo and about equal length with the. forrn~r ;. joins the Ohio at ~he town of Newport opposite Cincin· nalt. L1ckmg waters a fine, rrch, well inh.abited country. Great, or Big Sandy river, rises in the Cumberland mountains : its sources interlock with those of Cumberland, Clinch, Kenhawa, Kentucky, and L1cking rivers. This stream forms the east boundary of Kentucky : its course is a very little west of north · about 100 miles in length. ' Cumberland . mountain forms the southeast boundary of the state ; but the mountam here turns almost west, and touether with the continuation of the chain, contributes to influence' ve~y seriously the climate o[ Kentucky. There is, indeeu, a remarkable similarity b~tween rennessee and Kentucky : in both, the climate differs more m an eqMI ui tance east and west than north and south. In the western part of Kentucky some cotton is m:1de, but with difficulty. A circumstance that proves that the climate of Kentucky approximat~·s E~HG RANT 'S GUIDE. 205 more to the northern than southern atmosphere, IS the successful manufacture of maple sugar. . . Like all other parts of the valley of Ohio, the sml_ and air ~f Kentucky has been re presented in the most infla.ted _stra!n5 of adm1· ration. It is.., indeed, a fine country, but not dtffenng m any essen· ti al respect from -tbe adj acent regions. . Wheat, rye, maize, oats, barley, an<l buck\vheat, are culttva~ed. Maize is, be, weve r, the principal grain reared for home cons umpt1~n. Hemp and flax succeed in many parts extremely well. The lnsh potato grows abl:lnd antly, as does a great variety of garden vege· tablr.s. Apples, pea rs, peaches, cherries, and plums, are the fruits most commonly cullivated. From the calcan ous composition of the soil, it is said, by residents, that meauow <T f(ISSes do not grow to advantage. How far this could be remeJied if a fact, hy the culture of luzerne, lupinella, clover, or other vegetables suitable to form hay, experience only can determine. Dor 1estic animals are large and beautiful, particularly the hor ~ ; so ue of the largest, fle etest, and fine st indiv iuuals of that noble quadruped yet proJ uced in the United States, has come from Kentu ckv. Salt a~d iron are amon rrst the minerals of this state. The most extensive works tor the ~nanufactu(e of the former yet est abl i bed west of the Alfl(rhany mountain , are on the W<-J ters ofKentucky, from whence T :nlleS 'f-'e, Ohio, and Indian a, have jn a great mea3ure been suppliPd , be ·ides a suffic iency for home use. Se v~ral ir.on works ~re also ill operati on. where castings are made: bar tron IS mostly Importr. d from Per 11 y lva nia. K.-1 tu cky hfl. from its position becomf' a manufacturing state. In 1810, l>y a re turn made to the ofrice of the secretary of state, the anrnout of m ~nufa dure <l articles exceeded five million of dollars. Of thi aggrega te the looms produced 2,657,081 dollars ; the salt works 3~ 5 , 8 70 doll a r~ ; rope walks 393,<1 00 dollars ; maple sugar 308,932 dollars : the balance was made up by the tanntries, distilleries, paper mills, hemp, &c. Hemp, wheat, and tobacco, are the principal staples. Each of those articl es preponde rate, following the demaud. Manufacturing pursuits must, howeve r) increase . T he di. tance to the Atlantic cities, and tlw expense of carriage, secures a very high premium for the production of all hul ky arti cles. As the cui tiva tion of cotton advances on the Mississippi and neigh· bouring stre ams, the demand for cor<.lage and bale cloth must in· crease also. Steam-boat navigation will aid the commercial aml manufacturing interest of Kentucky, to an extent beyond our means to calculate. A project of a canal to pass the rapids of the Ohio at LouisvilJe, has heeo long in agitati on, and must eventually, and at no very distant time, be completed. The fall is 22i feet in a little more than tw.o miles. It is much to Le desired that a good canal was formed in lh1s place, as it would remove the only .existing serious impediment |