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Show . ,. ~ Tm ~- ~ --c~7~<--. . . , .,.. : . ~ . . r , .. . ~ . . * . : ~ & ' , , REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFABS. , 23 nation. For this purpose the words "subject," "inhabitant" and "citiaen " have been used, and the ohoioe between them is ~ometimesm sde to depepd upon the for& of the government. Citizen is now more commonly employed, however, and as it has'been considered betZer suited to the description of one living under a republic~n government, it was adopted by nearly all of the States upon their separation from Grest Britain, and was afterwards adopted in the Articles of Confederation and in the Constitution of the United States. When used in this sense it is underatoo&aa aonveying. the idea, of me,mbership of a nation, and nothing more. Therefore, the members, inhabitants, or citizens of the States became, upon the formation of the nation of the United States of America, members or citizens of that nation, owing to it an allegiance. separate and superior to the allegiance due to the State governments under which tiiey were severally residing. ,For this allegiance they are entitled, and have a right to expect, to be protected by the nation in all the rights, privileges, and immunities guaranteed to them as citizens under its Constitution, which ,are the articles of association, and from which the nation derives all of its powers and receives its life. The original citizens of the United States were those who were members or citizens of the States forming the same at the time the nation was established, and the natural-born citizens of the United States are the descenllants of these, and of peraous who have become naturalized pursnaut to laws enacted by Oongrevs in accordance with the Constitution. Citizens by naturalization enjoy the same rights, privileges, and immunities that are enjoyed by natural-born oitizens, with the exception that, under the Constitution, they are not eligible to the offices of President and Vice-President. Among these rights, are the right of a citizen of one ~ t i t teo pass without molestation into anylother State for the purpose of engaging in lawful commerce, trade, or business, or of pursuing ple?surein a lawful manner ; to acquire personal property ; to take and hold real property; to bring and defend actioas in the State courts; and to be exempt from any higher rate of taxes than are imposed by the State upon its ow.^., oitizens (Constitution IS. S., Article IV, section 2), and from being de-prived by the State of life, liberty, or property without dne prbcess oE'. !law, together with the right to demand the equal protection of the laws of the State ({bid., Article xrv, section 1). In the States.-Indims naturalized, either under the general allot-ment act or any other law, or any treaty of the United States, become not, only citizens of the United States, but, under the fourteenth amend- . . 3 the Constitution, citizens of the States in which they severally . , as well. They are, therefore, not only entitled to look to the -. ed States for protection in their rights as citizens, but also to the %a%en in which they reside for protection in the exercise of the privi-leges guaranteed to them as oitizens thereof, which are distinct from those of citizeiis of the United States. |