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Show .. ~~ -.?, ;. . . ..~- ;,~: : V . , 1 . . ' REP~RT OF TEE COMMISSIONER OF'INDIAN AFFAIRS. 1 . i factory system establish6d by that act mbre elearly outlined th; relation assumed by the Government toward tbe tribes. Education.-In 1819, for "the purpose of providing against the further decline and final extinction of the Indian 'tribes adjoining the frotitier settlements of the United States, and for introduci~~agm ong them the habits and arts of civilization," Congress appropriated (3 Stats., 616) an annual sum of $10,000 to enable the President-in every oaaewbere be shall judge improvement in the habits and condition of such Indians practicable, and that the means of instructiun can he introduced with their own oansent, to employ capable persons OF good moralohar~ctert o instruct them in the mode of agrioulture suited to their eituation, and for teaching their children in reading, writing, and arithmetic, and performing suoh other duties as may be enjoined according to such instruotions and rules as the President m8.y give and prescribe for the re.gulstion of their oonduot in thedischarge of their dnties. This act was the inangumtion of an ednoational policy, having in , view .the preservation, cirilieation, conversion, and elevation of the r race, and in the treaties entered into sobsequently, school funds were created, theinterest from which was to beamppliedb y the United States for the establishment and maintenance of schools upon the reservations for the benefit of the Indians with whom the treaties were made. I Bureau of Indian Affairs organized.-As before stated, the law ere-atihg the office of Superintendent of Indian Trade, and establishing a systempf Government trading houses with the Indians, expired by lim-itation in 1822. Two years later, March 11; 1824, the Secretary of War organized a Bureau of Indian Affairs (McEenng's Travels, page 57) in the War Department; but it was not until 1832 (act of July 9,1832, 4 Stats., 564) that the office of Commissioner of Indian Affairs whs created by Congress, and the present Bureau of -Indian Affairs was , organized. Under the direction of the Secretary of War and in conformity with regulations from time to time preaeribed by the president: the Commi8 sioner was charged with theduty of directing and managing ell Indian affairs and all matters arising out of Indian relations. In 1849 the Department of the Interior was established (act Maroh : 3,1849 j 9 Stats., 395), and the Secretary of that Departmeut was given the supervisory and appellate power up to that time exerei~edb y the Seoretary of War, relating to the aefs of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. i I have deemed it necessary to refer thus briefly to the early legisla- , / tion adopted by Congress in its control of our commerce and intercourse , . with the Indian tribes in order to show distinctly the relations exist-ing between this eovernment and these nations or tribes-the Indians holding the relations of allied dependencies, and the United States standing to them as protector end guardian. It also shows the de- , . velopment of a policy in the administration of Indian affairs which, I wisely pursued, will result in the aeoomplishlnent of one of the objects for which nearly all-of the colonial charters were expressly granted,~ |