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Show COMMENTARY ON ONATE, 1604- O5. 477 made from New Mexico. Also do I persuade myself from their fashion of wearing little crosses in the hair of the forehead, and they said that the sea was 20 days or 100 leagues distant, and to be reached by going two days to a small river which flowed into a larger one, which itself flowed into the sea. The expedition verified this by coming in 15 leagues to a stream they named Rio San Andres, where the tierra caliente produced pitahaya, and by going down it they found the large stream they had sought. In other words, Onate went down the present Bill Williams' fork ( which it will be remembered is the Santa Maria of Garces) to its confluence with the Colorado, which was then and there named Rio Grande de Buena Esperanza, or Good Hope river. He does not appear to have recognized this as the main stream of which his Rio Colorado was a branch; but he knew it to be the one which had long before been named Rio del Tizon or Firebrand river. The Indians then living on the Colorado for some distance above and below the mouth of the San Andres were the Ama-cava or Amajava nation- that is, the Mojave. Captain Mar-quez went up the river a short distance, and then the expedition followed it downward. Next below the Amacavas were found the Bahacechas, and then the Ozaras, these last living on a large river which entered from the east, and was named Rio del Nombre de Jesus. This was of course the Gila. For 20 leagues below the junction the country was populated by tribes similar in language and manners to the Bahacechas- t. e. t Yuman tribes, the population of which, on the eastern bank alone, was given as 20,000. There were the Halchedumas in 8 rancherias; Coahuanas, in 9; Tlaglli, or Haglli, in 5; Tlalliguamayas, in 6; and finally Cocopas in 9 settlements at the head of tidewater, 5 leagues from the river's mouth. This tidewater was reached on Jan. 23, 1605, and on the 25th Onate with the two friars and nine men went down to the disemboguement, where he found a fine harbor, with an island in the center, where it was thought |