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Show 458 NOTE ON THE APACHE TRIBES. distant as has been presumed from the Pimas Gilenos. On the supposition, then, that, as I said, our sover-fight, battle; tche, the nominal suffix of the plural = Apahuatche, contracted to Apache, hostile man, warrior, etc. Owing to the comprehensiveness of the term, it having been applied since early historic times to many warlike tribes regardless of their affinity, it would be difficult to determine just which Indians were meant under Garces' designation of " Apache" had not Don Jose Cortes, an officer of the Spanish royal engineers, stationed evidently at one of the Sonoran presidios a quarter of a century later, left a MS. that clears up the point. This document, dated 1799, is in the Peter Force collection in the Library of Congress, but a considerable extract from it, translated by the scholarly Buckingham Smith, appears as chap, vii, part iii, pp. 118- 27, of Whipple's Pacific Railroad Report, vol. iii ( H. R., 33d Cong., 2d Sess., Ex. Doc 91), Washington, 1856. Cortes says: " The Spaniards understand by Apache nation the Tonto Indians, the Chiricaguis, Gilenos, Mimbrenos, Tara-cones, Mescaleros, Llaneros, Lipanes, and Navaj6s. All these bands are called by the generic name of Apache, and each of them governs itself independently of the rest. There are other tribes, to whom it is usual to give the same name, such as the Xicarilla Indians." These divisions may be analyzed as follows: ( 1) Tonto ( Span, " foolish," " stupid," so called " from their notorious imbecility "). The name has been almost inextricably confused by authors and has been applied: ( a) to . a tribe of the Yuman family ( also called Apache Yuma, Gohun, Kohun, Quejuen), since 1875 settled on the San Carlos reservation, Arizona; best designated as the Tulkepaia; ( b) to an Athapascan tribe well known as the Pinal Coyotero ( properly the Deldje, Red Ant, or Red Earth people); ( c) to the Pinaleno or Pinal Apache ( properly the Tchi- kun); ( d) to a body of Indians mostly Yavapai ( Yuman) men and Pinaleno ( Athapascan) women who have intermarried. At the time of Garces they |