| OCR Text |
Show 18 Measurement Dependent Variables Momentary time sampling was used to collect data on individual students' off- task behavior. On-task behavior was operationally defined as quietly in seat, eyes oriented to work on desk, pencil or other work materials in hand (counters, crayons, etc.) being used to complete the work. Off-task behavior was then determined to be anything that did not fit that definition including talk-outs, noncompliance, disruption ofpeers, out of seat, watching other students, arguing/inappropriate language, and aggression. Data were collected during 20-minute sessions. Each session was divided into sixty 15-second intervals. The observers used a signal tape and small earpiece. The signal tape beeped at the end ofthe interval, and the observer looked at one group of students and recorded whether each student in that group was on- or off-task at the end of the interval. At the next signal, the observer looked at the other group of students to collect the same information. Each group was observed for an equal number of intervals (3 0) during each session. The data were recorded on a sheet that allowed the observer to quickly mark whether the student was engaged in on- or off-task behavior (See Appendix A). The percentage of intervals in which off-task behavior occurred was graphed for each participant at the conclusion of each session. A group average was also calculated and graphed following each session. |
