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Show 331 The Yuma family of dialects has received its denomination from the most populous of all the tribes using these idioms as their means of intercommunication. Those studied by Dr. Loew are the Mohave, the Hualapai and the Diegefio, and in 1873 he took a vocabulary of the Tonto or Gohun. The other Yuma dialects are the Cocopa, Maricopa, the Cosino, the Yabapai, the Comoyei, and that of the name- giving tribe, the Yuma, who are called Cuchans by their neighbors. The Yuma tribes live on the Gila and Lower Colorado Rivers, and in the Colorado Desert. T H E & AJNTA. B A E B A R A STOCK. KABUL The full extent of the territory in which the idioms of the Santa Barbara family is spoken is unknown to us at present. On the north it is bordered by the idiom spoken at the mission of San Luis Obispo, by that of San Miguel, and probably also by the dialects of the Tatche or Telame Indians, whose intricate grammar and difficult pronunciation has been transmitted to us by the careful notation of Padre B. Sitjar ( Vocabulario de la Lengua de los naturales de la Mision de San Antonio, Alta California, in Shea's Linguistics, New York, 1861). To the east and southeast it borders on various Kanvuya idioms to be described below, perhaps also on some Payute dialects ; and when following on the map the location of these neighboring idioms, we must conclude that the space allotted to the Santa Barbara family is comparatively narrow. A vocabulary taken at Santa Barbara by Horatio Hale, of the United States Exploring Expedition, and reprinted in Transact, of Am. Ethnolog. Society, vol. II, page 129, ( 1848,) does not, though very short and imperfect, differ essentially from Loew's; and we may, therefore, conclude that the Indians seen by H ale virtually spoke a dialect almost identical with that now prevailing among the Kasuji at Cieneguita, 3 miles from Santa Barbara mission. But the dialect observed on Santa Cruz Island by Padre Antonio F. Jimeno, and carefully noted by him on November 4,1856, shows much difference from tbat of the mainland; still the great number of roots in which both coincide prove them to be offshoots of substantially the same lin gnistic family. By a few examples submitted, every reader may be enabled to judge for himself of the differences exhibited by the three vocabularies. Kasud. Santa Barbara. Santa Cruz Island. my forehead beard arrow sun moon night leaf water meat cold 0. Loew. pi khsi sats- us y* alish £ vueigh salkukh sk£ p 6 s£ man sakh- tatakh Hale. yah alish£ khua aguai sulkuhu oh sokhton Eev. Jimeno. pi gstshe tchatses yhush tannum o- aei aughemei hulncappa mihie shomun aktaw The cardinal numerals agree in all three vocabularies, the figures 1 and 5 excepted A close examination of Loew's Kasud vocabulary, and of the sentences transmitted by him, shows the following phonetic components: Vowels : n, u, o, a, a, e, i.- u is a surd vowel, equal to u in English lump, thumb. Diphthongs : an ; ui, oi, ei. Consonants: k, t, p; g, b, ( b very scarce;) kh, gh; s, sh; h, y, ( the German jod,) v; n, m; 1. The sounds ts, kh, gh, sh frequently occur, especially at the end of words, d, f, r do not occur at all in the Kasud. dialect, whose words terminate as often in vowels as in consonants, and show a marked tendency to monosyllabism. On Santa Cruz Island, plurals are mostly formed by reduplication of the first sylla hie, as in twopau, bow, plural two- two- pau, bows. In Kasua* we have a few faint indi cations of a plural being formed by the addition of a syllable: sgut- cf, female breasts gsikhua- e, nails, skam, wtngs, compared with skab, feathers, but we do not discover at present any plurals or duals formed by reduplication. But still this sort of grammatical synthesis, which occupies such a prominent place in the languages of the Pacific coast, is observed in some Kasua* appellatives which possess a collective meaning: tdptu- np,/ or68<; shik- sWp- ghu, Use; and in a few verbs, evidently endowed in former times with an iterative signification: pekhpetch, to sing; ptipt£- ulgh, to speak; ksak-alalan, to cry; perhaps also, palpat, to run. Verbs frequently commence with & p, the tran8itives as well as the intransitives. One of the most frequent endings forming substantives is - sh; it occurs in knosh, toad, nokhsh, nose, flash, tobacco- pipe, and is found in the shape of - tch in Santa Cruz Island. Other terminal forms are ~- pt - gh, etc., and the two following: fame, brother gamute, sister oko, father khone, mother |
