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Show 140 meiatCj or hollow trough of stone, similar to those now used by the Indians and Mexicans, in which they grind corn and coffee. Innumerable fragments of pottery were found very similar, although none perfect, to that made by the present Pueblo Indians. A few hundred yards down the stream, as also above the buildings, are found traces of other buildings, with, in some cases, the outlines of the walls easily distinguishable. In the caI\ on, which commences less than three miles below, are seven or eight other ruins equally well- preserved on the cliffs above; these are what have been apparently watch- towers. South of the Chaco the country rises to a table- land, presenting on its southern and western slope for about 30 miles but two places to descend the cliff*, which are about 300 feet nearly vertical. On the southern face, probably 120 feet above the valley, with no visible way of getting up, nor could we reach them from above, we found several smaller buildings, probably coeval with the larger rains, presumably used by the shepherds. They are built under the overhanging walls of the cliff- rocks. Ou the level surfaces above were found numerous cisterns from 2} to 8 feet deep, hollowed out in the rock by the action of water, possibly aided by the hand of man. Descending from the table- land, which we were a day in doing, as a ramp had to be built for each mule down certain vertical places, we camped on a small drain, tributary to the Chaco from the south. A mile north of us was the Mesa Fachada, an isolated mass, which looks like a grand old church and marks the outlet of the cafton Chaco. On another drain just west of this we found another ruin similar in the main features to the others, but differing in that it had a tower- like room running clear to the top, inclosed in rectangular walls, so that the perimeter of cross- section was a square on the outside and circle internally, the segments where the wall was thickest being tilled up by rubble- masonry. The ruin was on a slight elevation above the valley. From opposite the face of the former ran a built wall of earth, with stone revetment across the drain, possibly a roadway with bridge, more probably a dam, 10 feet across the top, 5 feet high, and 15 feet across the base. Here, as at the other ruins, was found much broken pottery. In one of the ruins on the main Chaco drain the topographer entered a room now almost under ground from dtbris of the falling walls. It was entirely destitute of furniture or tools of any sort, but was very interesting in that it showed the manner of making the floors; also that the interior walls were plastered with a mortar containing but little lime. In the walls were small square recesses, as if for shelves. The ceiling, which was the floor of the room above, consisted, first, of heavy poles about 5 inches in diameter and at intervals of about 3 or 4 feet; on these transversely were placed smaller poles, and again across these in juxtaposition were laid small square poles, all held down by withes. Nothing bore evidence of the people leaving suddenly, for, though the hole was barely big enough to admit of a man crawling through and had only lately been unearthed by the rains, there was no sign or trace of anything manufactured by man left behind: nothing but the bare walk In this we were much disappointed, for it was but reasonable to suppose, if we could find a room in fair state of preservation, that some articles of household- furniture might remain. Throughout this whole section the grazing was very indifferent, and we should have suffered much tor water were it not for the rains, and even that which we obtained while camped on the Chaco, where the water was most abundant, held in suspension fully half its volume of silicates. Nothing could have been more welcome than the refreshing draught of cold water obtained when the small branch of the Vaca Creek, which flows from the eastern side of Washington Pass, was reached. Here were camped several bands of Navajoes, who pushed iuto camp and endeavored to be extremely friendly, rather too much so, for it proved to be but a cloak for the opportunity of the better making small peculations. They were, however, generally well disposed to whites, but seemed fearful that the object of surveying in their country was either to establish new lines to their reservation or to run a railroad through it. The latter possibility seemed particularly distasteful to them ; they were shrewd enough to have seen the civilizing effect of railroads elsewhere. There is possibly no Indian of the plains as intelligent as these Navajoes; of straight, lithe figures, wonderfully square shoulders, the average man tall, qnick of movement, with T> right, intelligent, rather pointed faces, they are easily distinguished when mingling with other Indians. While still having all the characteristics of the nomadic tribes, they are better able to support themselves. Even now they raise corn and beans and have very large herds of sheep and horses; they have many four- horned sheep. The head of an old buck presents a very strange appearand in addition to the heavy horns turuing up, there is still a second pair equally as large, which turns down and back; and one old fellow had what appeared to be a third set of short horns growing from between them, directly to the front. As I saw this latter• however, at a distance, I could not vouch for their being, as the Indian told me, a third set. They claimed to have quite a number of six- horned bucks; the four- horned were certainly numerous. At our third camp in the Tunicha Mountains, near the western mouth of the Wash- |