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Show 115 APPENDIX FF3. REPORT ON PALEONTOLOGY. UNITED STATES ENGINEER OFFICE, EXPLORATIONS AND SURVEYS WEST OF THE 100TH MERIDIAN, Washington, D. C, October 15,1874. GENERAL : I have the honer to forward herewith a special report received from Prof. E. D. Oope, paleontologist to the expedition of this season, embodying some of the results of his labors in portions of New Mexico, up to the 27th of September. This report contains new and valuable information relative to vertebrate fossil remains. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEO. M. WHEELER, Lieutenant of Engineers, in charge. Brig. Gen. A. A. HUMPHREYS, Chief of Engineers, U. & Army. REPORT OF PROF. E. D. COPE, PALEONTOLOGIST. CAMP ON GALLINAS CREEK, September 27, 1874. SIR : In accordance with your instructions to forward a report of proceedings, I beg leave to state that I returned to this camp from Tierra Amarilla on the 15th of the month, and have remained here ever since. We have been mostly employed in examining the bad lands of the Eocene of the divide between the Chama and San Juan * Ri vers, and in collecting the vertebrate fossils which their beds contain. A little time has been devoted to the Cretaceous beds forming the rim of the Basin. From the Eocene beds, more than seventy- five species of vertebrates have been obtained, many of which are new to science, and others are largely illustrated by additional remains. Four species of a new order, the Toxodontia, have been discovered, and our knowledge of the structure of other peculiar forms enlarged. Interesting relations between the Cretaceous and Tertiary beds have been observed. Mr. Shedd has been assisting in making collections and taking his meteorological observations at the stated times. The health of the party continues good, and we hope to move camp to another point ere long. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, EDW. D. COPK, Paleontologist Lieut. Gso. M. WHEELER, Corps of Engineers, U. 8. A. NOTES ON THE EOCENE AND PLIOCENE LACUSTRINE FORMATIONS OP NEW MEXICO, INCLUDING DESCRIPTIONS OF CERTAIN NEW SPECIES OF VERTEBRATES. BY PROF. E. D. COPE, PALEONTOLOGIST TO THE EXPEDITION. PART I. One of the results of the examinations made during the field- season of 1874 is the discovery of an extensive series of deposits of Eocene age. These indicate the existence, during early Tertiary time, of an extensive lake of fresh water in that part of New Mexico now drained by the tributaries of the Chama River on the east and the San Juan River on the west. This lake received the remains of the fanua of its shores and other regions adjacent, which have been preserved and obtained by the members of the expedition detailed by Lieutenant Wheeler for its investigation, in considerable numbers. The shore of this lake was formed by rooks of the Cretaceous formation of an age near the No. 3 of Meek and Hay den. In approaching it from the east, we traverse the sandstones of Cretaceous No. 1, both horizontal, and tilted at various angles, and find No. 2 resting upon it frequently uucou form ably, and tilted at higher angles, fre- |