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Show 167 by bands of the Apache, Navajo, and Ute tribes of Indians. The indications of this ancient population consist of ruined buildings, pottery, flint implements, and human boDes. Broken vessels of baked clay are frequently found, and the fragments occur in all kinds of situations throughout the country. They are usually most easily discovered on the slopes of the hills and hog- backs of Cretaceous aud Tertiary age, and, where abundant, generally lead to a ruined building standing on the elevation above. The hog- back ridges, described in geological report, ( App. G 1,) extend in a general north and south direction on the western side of tne Sierra Madre, south of Tierra Amarilla. They vary from two to four in number, and stand at distances of from half a mile to three miles from the mountain range. The Gnllinas Creek flows between two of them near their southern extremities for perhaps fifteeu miles. At one point the hog- backs of Cretaceous, Nos. 3 and 4, approach near together, and the creek flows near to the foot of the eastern front, or escarpment, of No. 3. The rock of this ledge is a hard sandstone, and resists erosion; hence its outcrop forms continuous sharp ridges, with distant interruptions, which are termed by the Mexicans the cuchil-las, or cristones. The hog- back of No. 4, being composed of softer material, is worn by erosion into a succession of subcorneal eminences. My attention was first called to the archeology of the region by observing that the conic hills just mentioned appeared to be in many instances crowned with stone structures, which, on examination, proved to be ruined buildings. These are round or square, with rounded angles, and from 15 to 25 feet in diameter. The walls' are 2 and 3 feet in diameter, and composed of stones of moderate size, which have been roughly dressed, or built without dressing, into solid but not very closely- fit ting masonry. The walls remaining measure from 10 feet high downward. The floor inside is basin- shaped, or like a shallow bird- nest, and frequently support* a growth of sage- brush ( Artemisia) of the same size and character as that growing on the plains below, and other shrubs. Sometimes they contain pinon trees ( Pinus cembroides) of 1 and 2 feet in diameter, which is the average and full size toVhich they growon the adjacent ridges and plateaus. Within and about them fragments of pottery abound, while flint implements are less common. As these are similar in all the localities examined, they will be subsequently described. A building more or less exactly agreeing with this description was found on the summit of every hill of a conical form in the vicinity. Their form is probably due to the shape of the hill, as they were differently built on the level hog- backs. None of the circular buildings were found to be divided, nor were any traces of such buildings observed on lower ground. The hog- back of Cretaceous No. 3 is the locality in question, only one or two hundred yards distant from the eastern of the hills just described, from which it is separated stratigraphically by a bed of lignite. At some points this stratum has been removed by atmospheric erosion, leaving a ravine between the hog- backs. Near the middle of a* section of the hog- back No. 3 a portion of this formation remains, forming a narrow causeway connecting it with the ridge just behind it. The eastern face is a perpendicular wall of sandstone rock of about 300 feet in elevation ; the western face is the true surface of the stratum, which here dips about 45° to 55° west by north. The top of the ridge varies in width from 4 to 11 feet. FIG. 1.- Ground- plan of house No. 3. In riding past the foot of the precipice, I observed what appeared to be stone walls crowning its summit. Examination of the ridge disclosed the fact that a village form- |