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Show 181 Second, or Quires family: Spoken in San Felipe, Santo Domingo, Cochiti, Santa Afta, Cia, Aconia, Laguna, Povate, Hasatch, and Mogino, with some dialectic variations. Third, or Zuni language ; Spoken in Zufii, Ojo de Pescado, and Las Nntritas. Fourth, or Moqui language: Spoken in six villages situated on four high bluffs north of the Colorado Chiquito, Arizona. The vocabularies collected by Dr. Oscar Loew ( the Taos was collected by Dr. Yarrow) exhibit an almost equal number of vowels and consonants, and a predominance of vocalic sonorous terminations of syllables and words. Their utterance thereby becomes harmonious and pleasant to the ear. In this they differ largely from their neighbors, the nomadic and hunting tribes of the Apaches, Comanches, Kiowas, and ITtes. All Pueblo idioms, perhaps excepting the Zufii, seem to have a monosyllabic basis, and words having more than two syllables are probably compounds. Hiatus of vowels often occur, as in ki- e\ bear, ( Tehna;) tsa- an, pine tree, ( Taos;) ho- ana- an, eye, * ( Queres.) Nasalized vowels are scarce in the QneYes dialects and in Taos, but are abundant in Moqui and Tehna, ( alflhud, hot, Moq.,*) and often occur in Jemez and la-leta, ( hula, goose, Jem.; te, belly, Isl.) We often find words interrupted in their midst by an abrupt coughing effort of the mouth, as in p'- e, sun, Jem.; ga'- e, Indian corn, Moq.; p' ay ade, dead, Isl. Pneblo words often undergo similar changes and substitutions as we observe in the Aryan languages when they make their re- appearance in cognate dialects. The transition observed between Latin and Greek pater and the English father is recalled spontaneously to our mind when we behold the following consonantic substitutions : Tehua: po- oyo, fly; Jemez: fu ya. Teh: p'- ho; Isleta: p'a, hair; Jem : fola. I s l : puiiai, nose; Jem: fose I s l : adpa, beard; Jem: tufa. Transitions of the tenuis into the corresponding media occur quite as often: Teh : p6, squash; Taos: ba- a. Jem: pe- el, heart; Isl: bc* a. Teh: po- oye, three; Taos: bihi. Teh: henti, black; Taos: funtej perfectly coincides with the transition from i o-drjc to Latin restis, garment, and similar consonantic changes may be observed in- Taos: puiyu, friend; Zuni: Kiiayi,'( like KOTOQ and roiog) Teh : hfia, egg; Moq : ne- ha ; Isl: ba- gud. Teh: ko- oa, leaf; Jem: ha- a. Acoma : htftsen, chief; Qudres:' htftchen. Ac: i- atch, boy ; Qu: i- uas. Ac: tchoshk, coyote wolf; Qu: shotsond. I s l : gaiudif, horse ; Teh: shaniya. Taos: bihio, three; Isl: batchoa. T e h : tchi- e, bird; Moq : tsi- i; Jem: seye; Isl: shira. Consonantic mutations, unusual or unheard of in Indo- Germanic languages, are the following: Ac: taua- e, good; Qu: raurf tsa, ran a. Ac: and Qu: kagan, wolf; Taos: kalen. I s l : tlo- a, arrow ; Jem: sh- tia. I s l : tle- e, tobacco; Jem: tio ye. I s l : tl6rida, rain : Jem : toka. ( Span: burro, mule; Teh: bun to.) ' U p to this time we have quoted only instances of consonantic mutations. Consider-n g at the same time the vooalism and the consonantism of these idioms, and supposing that the words compared formed parts of one and the same language, we observe alterations which might be called as follows: JProthesi* or Aph& resis: T e h : gasua, to drink ; Isl: asui. I s l : ahoi, to kill; Taos : hoyar. Jem: to- u- a, wind; Isl: na(= idtf). Teh. II i nakie, strong; Teh. I : t akiele. Jem : ho, bone; I s l : fi. Rpeixthem, Ekthlipsis, or Syncope: Teh. I : epile ; Teh. I I : epie. I s l : kiye, feathers; Jem: kea (- ta). * n= a nasal sound between u and o. § = a nasal e. 1 1 call Tehna I the subdialect spoken in San Ildefonso and on one of the Moqui Mesas; Tehua II the dialect in use in the other Tehua settlements. |